3.5 A New Kind of Warfare Answers

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Read the passage.When the United States entered World War I in 1917, General John J. Pershing was appointed commander in chief of the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) charged with assisting the allies in the fight against Germany. When he arrived in Europe, allied military leaders demanded that American troops “fill in” for depleted European divisions. Pershing refused, stating:“I do not want to appear difficult . . . [but] the American people and the American government expect that the American army shall act [independently] and shall not be dispersed here and there along the Western Front. . . . While our army will fight wherever you decide, it will not fight except as an independent American army.”Pershing’s leadership proved crucial to the allied victory. He led his forces to victory in many battles, including the Battle of Saint-Mihiel and the Battle of Cantigny. In October 1918, Pershing’s army helped destroy the remaining German resistance in the Meuse-Argonne Offensive, resulting in the armistice that ended the war.According to the passage, how did Pershing contribute to the Allied victory? Check all that apply.

A
by allowing the AEF to fight for depleted Allied armies in Europe
B
by leading the AEF to victory in several key battles
C
by dividing the AEF into units to be led by Allied forces in Europe
D
by insisting that the AEF operate as an independent force
E
by helping the AEF and Allied forces defeat Germany
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Which of the following best describes how aircraft changed during the course of World War I?

A
Aircraft became heavier and were used for bombing the enemy.
B
Aircraft became faster and were used to carry heavier loads.
C
Aircraft became slower and were used for reconnaissance.
D
Aircraft became slower and were used for bombing the enemy.
3

During the Meuse-Argonne offensive of 1918, the Americans helped

A
the French and British push the Germans back.
B
attack the German Hindenburg line.
C
to expand the German Hindenburg line.
D
to hold the French at the Meuse-Argonne line.
4

Which of the following describes the most important effect the tank had on World War I?

A
The tank ended the use of trench warfare.
B
The tank caused the war to last longer by killing so many soldiers.
C
The tank proved to be ineffective against the bombs and guns of the Central Powers.
D
The tank increased use of trench warfare in World War II.
5

During the early years of World War I, which of the following did the Germans use to great advantage?

A
the field telephone
B
the machine gun
C
the submarine
D
the tank
6

Which army developed tanks first for use during World War I?

A
the French army
B
the German army
C
the British army
D
the Russian army
7

Compared to British and French troops, the time Americans spent fighting in World War I was

A
much shorter.
B
much longer.
C
less dangerous.
D
more dangerous.
8

Which of the following threats did soldiers face in the trenches?

A
fire
B
starvation
C
collapse
D
disease
9

What of the following best describes the area called no-man’s-land?

A
an area above the trenches
B
an area between the trenches
C
an area far from the trenches
D
an area below the trenches
10

Which of the following was a benefit of using heavy artillery instead of machine guns?

A
Heavy artillery fired more rounds.
B
Heavy artillery fired rounds farther.
C
Heavy artillery required fewer soldiers.
D
Heavy artillery required less time to prepare.

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