A New Kind of Warfare Answers

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Read the passage.When the United States entered World War I in 1917, General John J. Pershing was appointed commander in chief of the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) charged with assisting the allies in the fight against Germany. When he arrived in Europe, allied military leaders demanded that American troops “fill in” for depleted European divisions. Pershing refused, stating:“I do not want to appear difficult . . . [but] the American people and the American government expect that the American army shall act [independently] and shall not be dispersed here and there along the Western Front. . . . While our army will fight wherever you decide, it will not fight except as an independent American army.”Pershing’s leadership proved crucial to the allied victory. He led his forces to victory in many battles, including the Battle of Saint-Mihiel and the Battle of Cantigny. In October 1918, Pershing’s army helped destroy the remaining German resistance in the Meuse-Argonne Offensive, resulting in the armistice that ended the war.According to the passage, how did Pershing contribute to the Allied victory? Check all that apply.

A
by allowing the AEF to fight for depleted Allied armies in Europe
B
by leading the AEF to victory in several key battles
C
by dividing the AEF into units to be led by Allied forces in Europe
D
by insisting that the AEF operate as an independent force
E
by helping the AEF and Allied forces defeat Germany
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Which of the following describes the most important effect the tank had on World War I?

A
The tank ended the use of trench warfare.
B
The tank caused the war to last longer by killing so many soldiers.
C
The tank proved to be ineffective against the bombs and guns of the Central Powers.
D
The tank increased use of trench warfare in World War II.
3

By the time American troops entered World War I, the Allies

A
were determined to win the war without any help.
B
were using trench warfare successfully against the Germans.
C
were exhausted after years of fighting.
D
were preparing to attack Germany.
4

Compared to British and French troops, the time Americans spent fighting in World War I was

A
much shorter.
B
much longer.
C
less dangerous.
D
more dangerous.
5

During the Meuse-Argonne offensive of 1918, the Americans helped

A
the French and British push the Germans back.
B
attack the German Hindenburg line.
C
to expand the German Hindenburg line.
D
to hold the French at the Meuse-Argonne line.
6

Which of the following revolutions had a strong effect on World War I?

A
the American Revolution
B
the French Revolution
C
the Agricultural Revolution
D
the Industrial Revolution
7

What was a result of the use of chemical weapons during World War I?

A
Tanks and aircraft were developed to counter the effects of chemical weapons.
B
Trenches were used to protect soldiers from chemical weapons in battle.
C
Many nations agreed to stop using chemical weapons after World War I.
D
Doctors developed treatments that made chemical weapons obsolete.
8

During World War I, the arrival of American troops boosted Allied morale because they

A
refused to join to battle at the Meuse-Argonne.
B
provided more than one million reinforcements.
C
taught Allied troops how to build trenches.
D
forced German troops to evacuate France and Belgium.
9

During World War I, the zigzag pattern of trenches on the front lines was designed to

A
provide a place from which to fire on the enemy.
B
supply soldiers with a place to store weapons.
C
protect troops from enemy fire.
D
shield machine guns from enemy attack.
10

During the early years of World War I, which of the following did the Germans use to great advantage?

A
the field telephone
B
the machine gun
C
the submarine
D
the tank

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