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Absolutism and Revolution — Test Answers

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Scientists in ancient Greece believed that

A
the study of science was connected to feeling and emotion.
B
everything in the world could be explained by faith and religion.
C
everything in the world could be explained by logic and reason.
D
the study of science was connected to magic and mysticism.
2
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How did French philosopher René Descartes contribute to the Scientific Revolution?

A
He made discoveries about the universe.
B
He developed mathematical principles.
C
He invented new scientific instruments.
D
He developed a new way to solve problems.
3

In ancient Greece, Euclid contributed to a better understanding of

A
chemistry.
B
mathematics.
C
technology.
D
biology.
4

Which completely transformed scientific study?

A
the Reformation
B
the Scientific Revolution
C
the Enlightenment
D
the Renaissance
5

Which statement best explains how the Scientific Revolution changed ways of thinking?

A
The Scientific Revolution caused people to question their religious beliefs.
B
The Scientific Revolution changed people’s understanding of the world.
C
The Scientific Revolution resulted in a revival of classical ways of thinking.
D
The Scientific Revolution brought back ideas like humanism and realism.
6

Who challenged the Aristotelian model of a geocentric universe that began the Scientific Revolution?

A
Newton
B
Copernicus
C
Galileo
D
Kepler
7

Boyle’s law explains

A
the elliptical orbit of Earth and other planets around the sun.
B
the way to develop an idea and design an experiment.
C
the relationship between pressure and the volume of gas.
D
the impact of gravity on the motion of objects on Earth.
8

Which movement happened last in Europe?

A
the Renaissance
B
the Middle Ages
C
the Enlightenment
D
the Reformation
9

A political effect of the Enlightenment was that

A
the constitutional monarchy in England came to an end.
B
support for rebels fighting the French Revolution decreased.
C
some monarchs embraced new ideas from the movement.
D
many people rejected the idea of representative government.
10

In the 1700s, an effect of the Enlightenment was

A
an increase in new scientific discoveries and methods.
B
the creation of new Protestant churches across Europe.
C
the return to classical ideas such as humanism and realism.
D
a rise in support for representative government.
11

One of Baron de Montesquieu’s key ideas was

A
establishing equality within society.
B
establishing natural rights.
C
creating checks and balances.
D
separating church and state.
12

Which statement describes the Greek philosopher Socrates?

A
Socrates built an advanced version of the astrolabe.
B
Socrates wrote a book on the principles of geometry.
C
Socrates taught that reasoning was the way to truth.
D
Socrates developed a theory about the universe.
13

Which list states events of the Enlightenment in the correct order?

A
i. Locke builds on the ideas of Hobbes. ii. Montesquieu publishes Spirit of Laws. iii. Rousseau publishes The Social Contract. iv. The English Civil War comes to an end.
B
i. The English Civil War comes to an end. ii. Locke builds on the ideas of Hobbes. iii. Montesquieu publishes Spirit of Laws. iv. Rousseau publishes The Social Contract.
C
i. Locke builds on the ideas of Hobbes. ii. The English Civil War comes to an end. iii. Rousseau publishes The Social Contract. iv. Montesquieu publishes Spirit of Laws.
D
i. Montesquieu publishes Spirit of Laws. ii. Rousseau publishes The Social Contract. iii. The English Civil War comes to an end. iv. Locke builds on the ideas of Hobbes.
14

Many Enlightenment ideas were incorporated into

A
the peace treaty at the end of the English Civil War.
B
the laws of monarchs who believed in absolute rule.
C
the founding documents for the United States.
D
the practices and polices of the Catholic Church.
15

How did barometers advance science?

A
They allowed scientists to study objects in space.
B
They allowed scientists to measure pressure.
C
They allowed scientists to measure temperature.
D
They allowed scientists to observe objects closely.
16

Which describes a difference between Robert Boyle and Isaac Newton?

A
Boyle created the coordinate plane system, while Newton discovered deductive reasoning.
B
Boyle discovered the laws of motion, while Newton discovered the relationship between pressure and gas volumes.
C
Boyle discovered the law of gravity, while Newton created the coordinate plane system.
D
Boyle discovered the relationship between pressure and gas volumes, while Newton discovered the law of gravity.
17

The movement known as the Enlightenment occurred during

A
the 1500s and 1600s.
B
the 1600s and 1700s.
C
the 1700s and1800s.
D
the 1800s and 1900s.
18

Which three topics became a major focus of the Enlightenment?

A
spirituality, religion, chivalry
B
astronomy, mathematics, physics
C
rights and responsibilities, politics, reason
D
classicism, humanism, individualism
20

Which statement best describes the scientific method?

A
The scientific method was a new theory about the planets and the sun.
B
The scientific method was a new way to solve problems and do research.
C
The scientific method was a set of theories that countered Church teachings.
D
The scientific method was a way to reason developed by the ancient Greeks.
22

What traditional idea did Enlightenment thinkers challenge to improve the lives and freedoms of ordinary people?

A
science.
B
religion.
C
government.
D
medicine.

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