Read the excerpt from Javier’s research paper about samurai.In the 12th century, the samurai warrior class took control in Japan. The rigorous training for these warriors began in childhood. Trainees studied self-discipline, martial arts, and poetry. They were also expected to follow a guiding code of conduct called Bushido, which translates to "the way of the warrior.” Additionally, young warriors spent hours perfecting their skills in horseback riding and archery. After years of preparation, the warriors were ready for battle. In conflicts, samurai were covered head to toe. They wore heavy iron breastplates to protect their chests, and leather armor to shield their arms, shoulders, thighs, and shins. They wore bulky metal helmets that protected their heads and necks. High-ranking warriors sometimes added feathers, horns, or other decorations to their helmets. Near the end of the 1800s, the samurai lost power to the newly formed national army.