DNA and RNA Structure

Question 1

Once the protein is made, the gene for a particular trait is expressed. mRNA joins the ribosome, and the anticodons from tRNA join mRNA to form a chain of amino acids. an enzyme unzips DNA and free RNA nucleotides join DNA to form mRNA. A chain of amino acids is formed from peptide bonds, creating a protein. mRNA is transported from the nucleus of the cell to the ribosomes of the cell.

Revolt · Accepted Answer

E: step five

Question 2

Explain the process of transcription.

Revolt · Accepted Answer

Transcription is the process where a specific segment of DNA is copied into mRNA. First, the DNA double helix untwists and unzips at the gene's location. Then, RNA nucleotides pair with their complementary bases on the DNA template strand (Adenine with Uracil, and Cytosine with Guanine). Once the sugar-phosphate backbone of the mRNA is formed, the new mRNA strand peels away from the DNA and travels out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm.

Question 3

How are amino acids assembled during translation?

Revolt · Accepted Answer

During translation, mRNA attaches to a ribosome. tRNA molecules transport specific amino acids to the ribosome, where their anti-codons match up with complementary codons on the mRNA strand. As amino acids are brought into sequence, peptide bonds form between them to create a growing protein chain.

Question 4

How are the order of codons determined?

Revolt · Accepted Answer

A: The DNA sequence determines the order.

Question 5

Explain how genes are expressed for a particular trait.

Revolt · Accepted Answer

Gene expression begins with the process of transcription, where a specific gene for a trait is transcribed from DNA into messenger RNA (mRNA). This mRNA then travels to a ribosome. During translation, the ribosome uses the mRNA code to assemble a polypeptide chain of amino acids. Once this polypeptide chain is completed and folded into a functional protein, the trait is expressed.

Question 6

What is one way scientists are able to study operons in organisms?

Revolt · Accepted Answer

A: by studying the number and organization of operons by reading the genome sequence

Question 7

mRNA joins the ribosome, and the anticodons from tRNA join mRNA to form a chain of amino acids.

Revolt · Accepted Answer

C: step three

Question 8

Check your understanding. Which items did you include? Check all that apply.

Revolt · Accepted Answer

A: The gene coding for the protein untwists and unzips.; B: RNA nucleotides form complimentary base pairs with the DNA bases.; C: Hydrogen bonds and sugar-phosphate bonds form and the mRNA strand is synthesized.; D: mRNA peels off the DNA and moves to the cytoplasm.

Question 9

Check your understanding. What did you include in your response? Check all that apply.

Revolt · Accepted Answer

A: mRNA attaches to the ribosome.; B: tRNA molecules transport amino acids to the ribosome.; C: Anti-codons and codons match up and form complementary base pairs.; D: Peptide bonds form between adjacent amino acids to form the protein.

Question 10

What is needed for translation to occur? Check all that apply.

Revolt · Accepted Answer

A: mRNA; B: ribosome; C: tRNA; D: codons

DNA and RNA Structure Answers

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