Cell Differentiation and Specialization Answers

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1
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Which process makes it possible for all the major organs of the body to be formed by week 10 of human development?

A
growth
B
fertilization
C
self-renewal
D
differentiation
2
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Which type of gene is most likely to be widely expressed in the body of someone who has a superficial scrape?

A
the gene that controls the production of stem cells
B
the gene that controls the production of skin cells
C
the gene that controls the production of red blood cells
D
the gene that controls the production of cardiac cells
3

What role do smooth muscle cells perform in a human body?

A
organ contraction
B
skeletal movement
C
blood pumping
D
heart contraction
4

Which are sources of adult stem cells? Select three options.

A
bone marrow
B
amniotic fluid
C
brain
D
gametes
E
liver
F
embryo
6

Which best compares self-renewal and differentiation?

A
Both are processes that are the result of stem cell division.
B
Both create more of the same types of cells.
C
Both form specialized cells.
D
Both depend on gene expression.
7

Which of these definitions have been paired with the correct type of cell?

A
Blood cells are elongated cells that can contract.
B
Neurons are cells that conduct electrical impulses.
C
Epithelial cells are cells that carry oxygen through the body.
D
Muscle cells are components of blood.
8

Scientists study salamanders and their ability to regenerate lost legs and tails. What additional information is essential for scientists to understand in order to apply this ability to humans who have lost limbs?

A
how quickly the body parts regenerate
B
how similar salamanders are to humans
C
which body parts are most often lost
D
which genes control regeneration
9

Which type of cell can duplicate indefinitely?

A
stem cell
B
blood cell
C
muscle cell
D
neuron
10

What role do red blood cells play in the human body?

A
They protect against injury.
B
They protect against disease-carrying microorganisms.
C
They transport oxygen throughout the body.
D
They aid in blood clotting.
11

A scientist is studying specialized cells that help pump blood. Which cells is she most likely studying?

A
neurons, which are a type of muscle cell
B
cardiac cells, which are a type of muscle cell
C
epithelial cells, which are a type of blood cell
D
white blood cells, which are a type of blood cell
12

Which lists the steps of differentiation of neuron development?

A
neuron undergoes mitosis, two identical daughter cells are produced, daughter cells divide to produce stem cells
B
neuron undergoes mitosis, two daughter cells are produced, one daughter cell is a stem cell, one daughter cell is identical to neuron
C
stem cell undergoes mitosis, two identical daughter cells are produced, daughter cells divide to produce neurons
D
stem cell undergoes mitosis, two daughter cells are produced, one daughter cell is a neuron, one daughter cell is identical to stem cell
13

Which specialized cells act as a barrier to protect tissues within the body?

A
epithelial cells
B
neurons
C
red blood cells
D
smooth muscle cells

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