Answers Madison 2017 Phy Sci A-35 SSChemical Bonding

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Which pairs of elements do not have to satisfy the octet rule for stability?

potassium (K) and sodium (Na)

neon (Ne) and argon (Ar)

oxygen (O) and fluorine (F)

helium (He) and hydrogen (H)

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Lead is malleable, so it can be pounded into flat sheets without breaking. How does the bonding within lead help to explain this property?

Metallic bonds involve valence electrons that are removed from one atom and given to another, so the pounding helps the electrons move.

Covalent bonds involve valence electrons that are shared between two metal atoms, so the bonds are strong enough to resist the pounding.

Metallic bonds involve many valence electrons shared by many atoms, so the bonds can move around as the metal is pounded.

Covalent bonds involve valence electrons that are removed from one atom and given to another, so the pounding helps the electrons move.

The diagram shows an electron shell model of a sodium atom.

The third shell would have eight electrons after the atom gains seven electrons to fill the outermost shell.

The third shell would be empty so that the eight electrons in the second level would be outermost after the atom loses one electron.

The first and third shells would be empty so that the atom would have eight electrons in its remaining shell after the atom loses three electrons.

The first shell would have two electrons and the second shell would have six electrons after the atom loses three electrons.

The electron dot diagram shows the arrangement of dots without identifying the element.

carbon (C)

tellurium (Te)

beryllium (Be)

cesium (Cs)

Which atom is most likely to form a metallic bond?

aluminum (Al)

helium (He)

phosphorus (P)

carbon (C)

The electron dot diagram shows the arrangement of dots without identifying the element.

boron (B)

neon (Ne)

rubidium (Rb)

arsenic (As)

Fluorine (F) and bromine (Br) are in the same group on the periodic table. How do atoms of these elements compare when they form bonds?

Both a fluorine atom and a bromine atom lose one electron, and both atoms become stable.

A fluorine atom becomes stable by losing one electron, but a bromine atom cannot become stable by losing only one electron.

Both a fluorine atom and a bromine atom gain one electron, and both atoms become stable.

A fluorine atom becomes stable by gaining one electron, but a bromine atom cannot become stable by gaining only one electron.

Which is a force that holds atoms together?

chemical bond

electron shell

valence electron

chemical formula

When sodium atoms (Na) and chlorine atoms (Cl) join to make sodium chloride, or table salt, they form an ionic bond. Using this information, which pair of elements is most likely to form an ionic bond?

potassium (K) and fluorine (F)

aluminum (Al) and aluminum (Al)

sulfur (S) and oxygen (O)

calcium (Ca) and neon (Ne)

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