In a short paragraph, explain why Roman Catholicism is the dominant religion in Latin America. What kinds of historical factors have contributed to so many Latin Americans adopting this religious heritage?
Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: Early explorers in Latin America subjugated the native populations and forced their assimilation of Spanish culture, which included the Catholic religion. Later, missionaries from Portugal and Spain spread throughout the region to convert local populations. During the days of colonial rule, the Church, backed by the governments of Spain and Portugal, was an influential political force. The Church owned substantial amounts of property, and its leaders held important positions in government, which further cemented the Church's influence in Latin America.
During the independence movements of many Latin American countries, many wealthy citizens moved back to Spain. Explain why this presented a problem for the new nations.
Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: When the wealthy fled to Spain, they took their money with them. This left few resources for building strong economies in the newly independent nations. As a result, many newly independent nations were thrown into turmoil.
The desire for reform often led to civil war in Latin American countries. What were some issues that led to civil war, according to the lesson? How did these conflicts begin?
Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: (Students should address at least one to two historical examples of reasons for civil war.) The desire for education for all, more rights for those of native descent, land reform, and reduced power of the Catholic Church in government were all issues in Latin American civil wars.
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Explain what is meant by the Columbian Exchange. Give an example of a product or resource that was part of this important cultural exchange between continents.
Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: The Columbian Exchange was the exchange of people, plants, animals, technologies, and diseases that occurred between people in the New World (the Americas) and the Old World (Europe, Africa, and Asia). The exchange began following Columbus’ exploration of the New World and his return to Spain.
Describe three problems that have been encountered in establishing stable governments in Latin America. Why have many Latin American states faced government takeovers, coups, and revolutions?
Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: Ideological differences about what type of government to have and how power should be divided has been a problem. In the wake of disputed elections, forced government takeovers have been common; in some countries, dictators have seized power and ruled for decades. The role of the church in government and politics has also been a source of conflict.
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