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What influence did early Muslim traders have on Europe and North Africa? Give three examples of cultural changes brought by traders from the Muslim world.
Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: Muslim traders connected European and North African merchants with the Far East and Asian trade routes. They often traded spices, silk, and cotton textiles. They also traded ideas, including advanced mathematics, chess, and Arabic numerals. The Arabic language and the Islamic faith spread rapidly in North Africa. Today, Arabic is the official language in all North African countries and Islam is the most common religion.
How do secular Muslim states and theocracies differ?
Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: In theocracies, civil law is based on religious tenets and the head of state is a religious leader. Constitutions and legislatures have limited authority to change law. In secular Muslim states, there are prohibitions on religious interference in law and politics. Sharia law is limited to personal matters.
The cultures of western and central Africa have unique musical and dancing traditions. In a short paragraph, explain the role that masks play in the dance of western and central Africa.
Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: Masks are an important part of most traditional African societies. They often are used as the central part of rituals or ceremonial dances. Dancers often wear masks to symbolize a deity. Mask artists hold special importance in these cultures.
Describe two of Africa's most abundant mineral resources. What might prohibit Africans from benefiting economically from these natural resource?
Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: (Students should identify two of Africa’s key mineral resources. They may mention chromium, manganese, phosphates, uranium, cobalt, platinum, gold, copper, or diamonds. Though Africa is rich in mineral resources, many countries suffer from severe instability. As a result, Africa has struggled to develop as a world market. Many mineral companies are operated by foreign owners who exert influence and extract profit from the region. In many cases, mineral resources mined in the region may prolong conflicts and instability. Resources may be sold and used to support ongoing military conflicts, including civil wars and rebellions.)
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