AnswersTX-Earth and Space Science ACumulative Exam

Cumulative Exam — Cumulative exam Answers

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21
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Which statement best describes the explanatory powers of hypotheses and theories?

A
A hypothesis does not provide an explanation but instead only predicts what may happen.
B
A theory does not provide an explanation but instead only predicts what may happen.
C
The explanation given by a theory is well tested and supported by many observations and hypotheses.
D
The explanation given by a hypothesis is well tested and supported by many observations and theories.
22
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In which era did mammals emerge?

A
Cenozoic
B
Mesozoic
C
Paleozoic
D
Precambrian
23

A magnet placed against the wall of a metal shed falls to the ground, where it attracts a nail. What is the most likely explanation for this observation?

A
The wall is the opposite pole from the magnet.
B
The shed is not made of iron or steel.
C
The magnet is not magnetized.
D
The nail pulled the magnet to the ground.
24

In an investigation that uses the scientific method, which step immediately follows making a hypothesis?

A
summarizing the results
B
asking a question
C
making observations
D
designing an experiment
25

Which of these is one characteristic of topographic maps?

A
contain contour lines to display elevation
B
contain information about types of vegetation
C
contain weather and climate information
D
contain satellite images of land masses
26

Which has most likely been peer reviewed?

A
an article on the benefits of eating cheese, featured in Crosscreek Dairy Monthly magazine
B
an article on the benefits of wearing shoe inserts, featured in Bob’s Footwear circular
C
an article on the beneficial bacteria in yogurt, featured in Medical Journal of Gastroenterology
D
an article on beneficial face creams, featured in Beauty and You magazine
27

Which fossils are formed by sediments and found in sedimentary rock?

A
a mold of a fish skeleton and a cast of a clamshell
B
a cast of a clamshell and a frozen animal
C
a frozen animal and a piece of petrified wood
D
a piece of petrified wood and a preserved insect
28

Which three are formed due to compression?

A
syncline, normal fault, and strike-slip fault
B
anticline, syncline, and reverse fault
C
normal fault, anticline, and strike-slip fault
D
reverse fault, strike-slip fault, and syncline
29

Lucy is supposed to write down the lengths of 10 earthworms found near the playground at her school. She measures the earthworms’ lengths in millimeters, but she accidentally labels her data in centimeters.Which best describes this error in data collection?

A
The data are inadequate.
B
The data are false.
C
The data are recorded incorrectly.
D
The data cannot be reproduced.
30

Who rediscovered Aristarchus’s model of a heliocentric solar system?

A
Copernicus
B
Galileo
C
Kepler
D
Ptolemy
31

Which statement explains what similar fossils found on distant continents suggest about Earth’s history?

A
Animals have evolved over time.
B
The continents have moved over time.
C
Earth’s oceans had varying salt content through time.
D
There have been many animals on Earth that are now extinct.
32

Which statement describes earthquakes?

A
They release energy.
B
They are caused by reduced stress in rocks.
C
They begin at the epicenter.
D
They result from movement on Earth’s surface.
33

The images show sedimentary layers before and after they were shifted by a geologic event.

Question illustration
A
layer A
B
layer B
C
layer C
D
layer D
34

When comparing dogs to wolves, scientists found evidence that supports the idea they come from a common ancestor. Which combination of evidence would most strongly support this idea?

A
comparable anatomies, fossils, and behavior
B
different anatomies, similar development, and different DNA
C
comparable anatomies, similar development, and similar DNA
D
different anatomies, fossils, and behavior
35

Which two large landmasses formed when Pangaea first started to separate?

A
Africa and Europe
B
Europe and Laurasia
C
Gondwanaland and North America
D
Laurasia and Gondwanaland
36

Which is a difference between the Paleozoic and Mesozoic era?

A
Animals lived in the water during the Mesozoic and on land in the Paleozoic.
B
The first birds emerged in the Paleozoic era while mammals first emerged in the Mesozoic.
C
Many different species of dinosaurs lived in the Mesozoic, but they all died off in the Paleozoic.
D
Animal complexity increased during the Paleozoic while the first flowering plants appeared in the Mesozoic era.
37

Which statement describes what is gained or lost during radioactive decay?

A
Atoms gain other atoms.
B
Elements take in energy.
C
Atoms lose smaller particles.
D
Elements gain smaller particles.
38

In addition to having a blue color, what other characteristic do Neptune and Uranus share?

A
no rings
B
27 moons
C
no axis tilt
D
cold temperatures
39

Jasmine is late to science class and misses the very beginning of notes for the day. These are Jasmine’s notes:–Round objects that orbit the Sun–Not large enough to have enough gravitational pull to clear the path of their orbit–4 known in the Kuiper Belt (Eris, Haumea, Makemake, and Pluto)–1 in the asteroid belt (Ceres)Jasmine later copied the title of the notes from a friend. What title did Jasmine most likely copy?

A
Comets
B
The Kuiper Belt
C
Asteroids
D
Dwarf Planets
40

The diagram shows cross-cutting relationships among rocks.

Question illustration
A
D occurred after B.
B
D occurred before A.
C
A formed after the horizontal layer above was deposited.
D
F formed before the horizontal layer above was deposited.

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