AnswersSS4 PGCPS EARTH SPACE OC SUMMER 2027 - 794243Rocks and the Rock Cycle

Rocks and the Rock Cycle — Cumulative exam Answers

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1
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Which statement describes what is gained or lost during radioactive decay?

A
Atoms gain other atoms.
B
Elements take in energy.
C
Atoms lose smaller particles.
D
Elements gain smaller particles.
2
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Look at the image of the moon.

Question illustration
A
full moon
B
third quarter
C
waxing gibbous
D
waning crescent
3

Which explanation provides support for continental drift theory?

A
Dinosaurs lived on many continents.
B
Coal fields match up across continents.
C
Tropical plant fossils were found in warm areas.
D
Mountains formed where Earth cooled and shrank.
4

Scientists have detected an asteroid that is 700,000,000 km from Earth. About how many astronomical units is that?

A
0.5 AU
B
1 AU
C
3.5 AU
D
4.5 AU
5

How do minerals form from magma?

A
By rapidly melting in Earth's core
B
By crystallizing as magma or lava cools
C
By dissolving in ocean water
D
By breaking down into smaller particles
6

Which statement describes earthquakes?

A
They release energy.
B
They are caused by reduced stress in rocks.
C
They begin at the epicenter.
D
They result from movement on Earth’s surface.
7

Which statement reveals a property that can be used to identify a mineral?

A
A mineral is found in Africa.
B
A mineral is made in a laboratory.
C
A mineral is used to make medicine.
D
A mineral has hexagonal-shaped crystals.
8

The diagram shows cross-cutting relationships among rocks.

Question illustration
A
D occurred after B.
B
D occurred before A.
C
A formed after the horizontal layer above was deposited.
D
F formed before the horizontal layer above was deposited.
9

Which statement explains what happens to sediment during deposition?

A
It is transported to a different location.
B
It is released from a transporting medium.
C
It settles down beneath existing sediment.
D
It breaks down into finer sediment particles.
10

How are S waves and surface waves similar?

A
Both arrive after P waves.
B
Both compress the ground.
C
Both travel through liquids.
D
Both produce minimal ground motion.
11

The images show sedimentary layers before and after they were shifted by a geologic event.

Question illustration
A
layer A
B
layer B
C
layer C
D
layer D
12

Look at this image of a star cluster.

Question illustration
A
open
B
binary
C
globular
D
eclipsing
13

The diagram illustrates the water cycle.

Question illustration
A
Water cycles from a nonliving to a living part of the environment.
B
Water changes from a liquid to a gas.
C
Water changes from a gas to a liquid.
D
Water cycles from a living to a nonliving part of the environment.
14

Study the image.

Question illustration
A
1
B
2
C
3
D
4
15

Which phrases describe S waves?

A
behave like a ripple
B
move through liquids only
C
are classified as primary waves
D
are known as a type of direct evidence
16

Which two large landmasses formed when Pangaea first started to separate?

A
Africa and Europe
B
Europe and Laurasia
C
Gondwanaland and North America
D
Laurasia and Gondwanaland
17

Chris drew a diagram to compare the ways in which different organisms obtain nitrogen.

Question illustration
A
breathe in from atmosphere
B
produce themselves
C
eat other organisms
D
absorb from soil
18

Which term describes weathering?

A
breaks down rock
B
causes heating and cooling
C
makes pebbles and rocks larger
D
carries away fragments
19

Which type of mass movement is the most destructive?

A
creep
B
erosion
C
landslide
D
slump
20

Which occurs just before a volcanic eruption?

A
Lava flows onto the sides of the volcano.
B
The expanding gases push magma through the pipe.
C
A pocket of magma forms beneath the volcano.
D
New rocks are formed as lava hardens.

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