Answers41111de1 ECAD Fall 2026 - Q2 - NM-Biology - S1Lab: Mouse Genetics (One Trait)

Lab: Mouse Genetics (One Trait) — Cumulative exam Answers

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41
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Mitosis is important because it allows

A
new cells to replace old damaged cells.
B
new cells to repair old damaged cells.
C
old cells to self-repair when they become damaged.
D
existing cells to take over the function of damaged cells.
42
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Which is the most efficient way to avoid DNA mutations from UV radiation?

A
Avoid getting X-rays at the doctor’s office.
B
Avoid protective shields during X-rays.
C
Avoid UV radiation by wearing sunscreen.
D
Avoid UV radiation by using a tanning bed.
43

A class was performing an experiment to discover the pH values of some common household substances. The results of three groups are shown in the table below.SubstanceGroup 1 pHGroup 2 pHGroup 3 pHLemon juice2.22.22.1Vinegar2.82.88.2Baking soda8.48.58.4Milk of magnesia10.210.310.2Which statement best describes evidence that Group 3’s data are less valid than the data for the other two groups?

A
Group 3’s pH value for lemon juice is lower than the values of the other two groups.
B
Group 3’s pH value for vinegar is much higher than the values of the other two groups.
C
Group 3’s pH value for baking soda does not exactly match the values of the other two groups.
D
Group 3’s pH value for milk of magnesia is different from the value obtained by Group 2.
44

Unattached earlobes is a dominant trait, E. A parent who is homozygous for unattached earlobes is crossed with a parent who is homozygous for attached earlobes. Which describes the genotypes of their offspring?

A
100 percent Ee
B
100 percent unattached earlobes
C
100 percent ee
D
100 percent attached earlobes
45

How does the cell wall protect a plant cell?

A
The cell wall protects the cell by providing support and maintaining the cell's shape.
B
The cell wall protects the cell by storing food so the plant doesn't run out.
C
The cell wall is thin and flexible, which allows the cell to be moved without harming the organelles.
D
The cell wall is on the inside of the cell and serves to contain the contents of the cell.
46

Rick’s class plans to study the effect of eating different breakfast foods on grades in morning classes. Students in the class will be the test subjects for the investigation. Which of the following would most likely make the results of the experiment invalid?

A
Half of the students ride the bus to school, and half ride in cars.
B
Some students eat breakfast two hours before other students do.
C
Some students miss school during the investigation due to illness.
D
All students in the investigation have morning classes in the same subjects.
47

If the endoplasmic reticulum were removed from the cell, which organelle would not be able to function properly, and why?

A
mitochondria, because they rely on the ER as an energy source
B
ribosomes, because they receive proteins made by the ER
C
Golgi apparatus, because it packages proteins received from the ER
D
cytoplasm, because it relies on the ER for structural support
48

Mitosis is divided into phases.Which phase of mitosis is shown in the diagram?

Question illustration
A
anaphase
B
metaphase
C
telophase
D
prophase
49

Which are produced as a result of meiosis?

A
zygotes
B
chromosomes
C
tetrads
D
gametes
50

A scientist tracked the summer eating habits of brown bears. His results are shown in the graph below.If the brown bears’ reliance on leaves increased by 14 percent, how would the combined total of all the percentages be affected?

Question illustration
A
It would increase by 14 percent.
B
It would decrease to 86 percent.
C
It would remain at 100 percent.
D
It would change to 114 percent.
51

Which statement best describes how Watson and Crick's model used other scientists' work to create a model of DNA?

A
They used Chargaff's rule to determine that it contains ribose sugar.
B
They used Franklin's photo to determine that DNA was a double helix.
C
They used Levene's work to determine the number of base pairs in each strand.
D
They used Nirenberg and Matthei's studies to determine that DNA is made of nucleotides.
52

Kai looks at a photo of herself with her parents. She notices that, while her features are similar to her parents’ features, they do not appear to be identical. Which explains why this is the case?

A
Their DNA is made of different codon sequences.
B
Their DNA is made of four different bases.
C
Kai inherited more proteins from one parent than the other.
D
Kai inherited different amino acids from either of her parents.
53

Which statement correctly distinguishes photosynthesis and respiration?

A
Photosynthesis occurs in animal cells and not plant cells.
B
Cellular respiration occurs in animal cells and not plant cells.
C
Photosynthesis uses chemical energy as energy source, and cell respiration uses light energy.
D
Photosynthesis uses light as energy source, and cell respiration uses chemical energy.
54

Cranberries and grapes may have therapeutic value. A cranberry company obtained the patent for a process to extract the oil from cranberry seeds. According to the patent, this oil can be used to treat breast cancer or to reduce its incidence. The oil can be used in drinks and foods. A grape juice company claims to have evidence that certain grapes have health benefits ranging from improving cardiovascular health to improving cognitive brain function in the elderly. These claims will be tested by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) before the companies are allowed to market their products for “treating” ailments or “improving” health. Until then, the companies can describe that their products “help to maintain” or “support” health. Until studies support their claims, the companies cannot ascribe direct health benefits to their products.Why would the FDA perform tests when a cranberry company and a grape company have already conducted research on the same products?

A
The FDA is the only organization that can test if health actually improves.
B
Tests that are performed by any company which benefits financially are considered unreliable.
C
The FDA tests give reliability to the results of improved health obtained by each company.
D
Tests performed by the FDA follow established scientific methods, but those performed by companies do not.
55

Drinking too much water during exercise can cause a condition in which the concentration of sodium in the blood is lower than normal. What immediate response would the blood cells have in this condition?

A
Cells swell as water moves into them.
B
Cells swell as water moves out of them.
C
Cells shrivel as water moves out of them.
D
Cells shrivel as water moves into them.
56

A student constructs a Venn diagram to compare the organelles in plant and animal cells.Venn Diagram of Plant and Animal CellsWhich organelle should be listed under “Animal Only” in the diagram?

Question illustration
A
nucleus
B
centriole
C
ribosome
D
cell wall
57

A Labrador retriever breeder needs to determine if three male pups who were born to Sadie, his black Labrador retriever, are the offspring of Sam, a yellow Labrador retriever from another breeder. Which process could the breeder use to determine if Sam is the father of the pups?

A
PCR analysis
B
STR analysis
C
mtDNA analysis
D
Y-chromosome analysis
58

How many homologous chromosome alignments are possible for independent assortment during meiosis?

A
one
B
two
C
three
D
four
59

Which of the following could be a nucleotide of DNA?

A
deoxyribose + phosphate group + thymine
B
deoxyribose + phosphate group + uracil
C
ribose + phosphate group + thymine
D
ribose + phosphate group + uracil
60

Suzanne has type A– blood. Which blood type could she receive in a blood transfusion?

A
A+
B
O–
C
O+
D
B–

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