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Cumulative Exam — Cumulative exam Answers

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What causes exhalation?

A
a signal from the medulla to the mouth and nose
B
a signal from the alveoli to the medulla
C
a signal from the diaphragm to the medulla
D
a signal from the medulla to the lungs
22
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Celeste has itchy red patches of skin that have a dry, scaly surface. What is most likely the cause of her dermatitis?

A
psoriasis
B
acne
C
melanoma
D
basal cell carcinoma
23

When does a fetus gain the most weight?

A
during the second trimester
B
during the third trimester
C
at conception
D
at the end of the first trimester
24

Sasha says that UTIs are more likely to occur in men than in women. He says that this is because the male urethra is shorter, making it easier for bacteria to travel to the bladder. What is Sasha’s mistake?

A
Bacteria start in the bladder and travel to the urethra.
B
Women have a shorter urethra than men.
C
Men do not have urethras; only women do.
D
UTIs are not caused by bacteria.
25

In the respiratory system, epithelial cells

A
remove carbon dioxide from the body.
B
act as a passageway by which air moves into the lungs.
C
secrete fluids that protect the inside of the trachea.
D
transfer oxygen to the cells in the body.
26

An antihistamine can

A
increase mucus production.
B
decrease nasal congestion.
C
reduce inflammation.
D
ease body aches and fever.
27

Susanna gave a presentation on the endocrine system. When she said that the gland called TSH produces and secretes hormones such as the thyroid, her teacher marked her down a point. Why did the teacher mark Susanna down?

A
The thyroid is not one of the hormones that TSH produces.
B
Glands and hormones are not parts of the endocrine system.
C
The thyroid is a gland, and it secretes the hormone TSH.
D
TSH secretes glands, so it would not secrete the thyroid.
28

Which receptors are involved in detecting a hot pan and the resulting feeling of pain?

A
mechanoreceptors and photoreceptors
B
nociceptors and thermoreceptors
C
photoreceptors and nociceptors
D
mechanoreceptors and thermoreceptors
29

What is the main function of the respiratory system?

A
to circulate blood throughout the body by means of oxygenated air
B
to manage the intake of oxygen and the output of carbon dioxide
C
to make sure that air, rather than food, gets propelled through the airways
D
to allow room for air to push through into the lung cavity
30

Dr. Stanley has a male patient who is complaining of issues with urination. Sometimes he has pain with urination, and he frequently has trouble starting and stopping his urine flow. Dr. Stanley decides he wants his patient to have an MRI, which is an image of the interior of the body. What area would Dr. Stanley most likely want to examine?

A
penis
B
prostate
C
uterus
D
scrotum
31

Amy has health complications related to a vitamin D deficiency. Which of these most likely caused this deficiency?

A
pregnancy
B
a burn of her skin
C
a lack of grains in her diet
D
dirty skin
32

What are two main functions of the female reproductive system in the order in which they occur in the female life cycle?

A
pregnancy and oogenesis
B
oogenesis and pregnancy
C
spermatogenesis and impotence
D
impotence and spermatogenesis
33

Javier’s doctor recommends that he reduce his sodium and calcium intake. What urinary system disorder does Javier most likely suffer from?

A
chronic UTIs
B
kidney stones
C
incontinence
D
bladder cancer
34

What is one way to prevent disorders of the sensory system?

A
wear a helmet when riding a bike
B
wear headphones when listening to music
C
avoid listening to music
D
avoid cardiovascular exercise
35

Which reproductive disease or disorder would most likely be prevented with a vaccine?

A
undescended testicle
B
herpes
C
endometriosis
D
polycystic ovary syndrome
36

Which pharmacological treatment would help a patient with GERD the most?

A
anti-inflammatories
B
antidiarrheals
C
antibiotics
D
antacids
37

Which upper chamber of the heart contains oxygen-rich blood?

A
the right atrium
B
the left atrium
C
the right ventricle
D
the left ventricle
38

A patient suffering from severe chest pain is admitted to the ER. After a series of tests, it is found that blood is flowing back into the left atrium as it is pumped into the left ventricle. Which valve is responsible for preventing this from happening?

A
the aortic valve
B
the mitral valve
C
the pulmonary valve
D
the tricuspid valve
39

What is the difference between emphysema and asthma?

A
Emphysema is an inflammation of the lungs, while asthma is a bacterial infection of the lungs.
B
Emphysema is the gradual destruction of the alveoli, while asthma is a sensitivity to irritants that causes the airway to constrict.
C
Emphysema is a sensitivity to irritants that causes the airway to constrict, while asthma is the gradual destruction of the alveoli.
D
Emphysema is a bacterial infection of the lungs, while asthma is an inflammation of the lungs.
40

The picture below accurately depicts a healthy heart. The left ventricle has a thicker myocardium than the right. What best explains why the muscle in the left ventricle is larger than the one on the right?Image by Patrick J. Lynch

Question illustration
A
The left ventricle pumps blood to the systemic circulation process, while the right ventricle pumps blood to pulmonary circulation.
B
The right ventricle pumps blood to the systemic circulation process, while the left ventricle pumps blood to pulmonary circulation.
C
The right ventricle directly pumps blood into the left ventricle, which then pumps the blood to the entire body.
D
The left ventricle is pumping oxygen-poor blood, so the muscle is not getting enough oxygen.

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