AnswersFL-2001340-Environmental Science Sem 2Sustainability

Sustainability — Cumulative exam Answers

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Energy in most ecosystems must flow through autotrophs because ______.

A
only autotrophs can convert solar energy into chemical energy
B
autotrophs are simpler organisms than heterotrophs
C
heterotrophs only generate a small fraction of their energy from photosynthesis.
D
all of the above
82
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Which of the following is the most likely flow of energy in an aquatic ecosystem?

A
phytoplankton → mammal → zooplankton → fish
B
phytoplankton → zooplankton → fish → mammal
C
zooplankton → phytoplankton → mammal → fish
D
mammal → fish → zooplankton → phytoplankton
83

How does importing coal contribute to pollution?

A
If the U.S. did not import coal, it would have to use alternative fuel methods.
B
Fuel is used to transport the coal, which contributes to pollution.
C
Shipping coal overseas causes water pollution from coal spills.
D
All of the above
84

How is the world population projected to change in the next few decades?

A
It is projected to level off.
B
It is projected to decrease steadily.
C
It is projected to increase steadily.
D
It is projected to double within 5 years.
85

How does groundwater become polluted?

A
Pollutants mixed with water pass through permeable layers above the aquifer.
B
Factories dump their waste directly into aquifers.
C
Refuse infiltrates the water table when garbage is dumped.
D
All of the above
86

Water resources include water contained in oceans and seas.

A
T
B
F
87

Why does fossil fuel use in the United States make the U.S. vulnerable to the political wishes of foreign countries?

A
The US is a net exporter of fossil fuels.
B
Fossil fuels lead to global climate change.
C
The US imports much of its petroleum from foreign countries which set the prices.
D
All of the above.
88

How does the carbon dioxide necessary for photosynthesis enter plants?

A
through their roots
B
through openings in the leaves called stomata
C
the plants produce their own complete supply
D
none of the above
89

Different types of plants use different types of carbon fixation as adaptations to varying conditions.

A
T
B
F
90

Nuclear power plants require a lot of water to operate.

A
T
B
F
91

Global fossil fuel dependence can lead to an increase in oil prices.

A
T
B
F
92

Which of the following is not a trait of mangrove trees?

A
They excrete salt through their leaves.
B
They do not tolerate highly saline environments.
C
They have two types of specialized roots.
D
They absorb oxygen through their roots.
93

The amount of available energy changes between the trophic levels found in a food chain or energy pyramid. Photos (left to right) by Mehmet Karatay, Jens Buurgaard Nielsen, Furryscaly, and Walter Siegmund How would the amount of available energy differ in the trophic level of the mouse compared to the trophic level of the hawk?

Question illustration
A
Available energy would increase from the mouse to the hawk.
B
Available energy would decrease from the mouse to the hawk.
C
Available energy would initially increase from the mouse to the hawk, and then decrease over time.
D
Available energy would remain the same from the mouse to the hawk.
94

Which of the following is true about the efficiency of energy transfer in an ecosystem?

A
The more energy the organism requires, the more efficient the energy transfer.
B
All energy transfers have the same efficiencies.
C
The less energy the organism requires, the more efficient the energy transfer.
D
The most efficient energy transfers are in large, warm-blooded animals.
95

When conducting scientific research, appropriate methods must be used to find information that is reliable and valid. Angela was assigned a research project about human body systems for her anatomy course. She would like to focus on the immune system, and more specifically, the effects of HIV on the immune system. Which of the following options would be the best way for her to conduct an online search about her topic?

A
Type in “human body systems” + HIV
B
Type in “immune system” + human
C
Type in “HIV immune system”
D
Type in “human immune system” + HIV effects
96

Soil composition and horizons vary depending on climate.

A
T
B
F
97

The earliest forms of life on earth were photosynthetic.

A
T
B
F
98

Which of the following is a potential obstacle to the commercial development of brownfields?

A
the presence of pollutants
B
environmental cleanup laws
C
the costs of environmental cleanup
D
all of the above
99

Which of the following is not necessary for a plant to carry out photosynthesis?

A
carbon dioxide
B
water
C
oxygen
D
sunlight
100

Desalination has no known negative impacts on the environment.

A
T
B
F

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