Test — Cumulative exam Answers

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Which is a requirement for natural selection to occur?

heritable variations for some traits

the ability of an organism to improve a trait during its lifetime

equal probability of survival for all offspring

fewer offspring than the environment can support

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A farmer has applied a pesticide to control a pest population that is affecting her crops. The pest population has reacted as shown below.Which best describes the process that the pest population has experienced due to this environmental change?

genetic diversity

natural selection

natural resistance

gene flow

Kai looks at a photo of herself with her parents. She notices that, while her features are similar to her parents’ features, they do not appear to be identical. Which explains why this is the case?

Their DNA is made of different codon sequences.

Their DNA is made of four different bases.

Kai inherited more proteins from one parent than the other.

Kai inherited different amino acids from either of her parents.

What is one way people have negatively affected land resources?

habitat restoration

urbanization

terrace farming

reforestation

Which option identifies ways that people positively affect Earth’s resources?

use cars that emit fewer harmful gases, build dams, and stop using all resources

stop using all resources, increase mining efforts, and halt the runoff of factory waste into rivers and streams

build dams, use cars that emit fewer harmful gases, and halt the runoff of factory waste into rivers and streams

increase mining efforts, build dams, and use cars that emit fewer harmful gases

Which best describes the relationship between DNA, genes, and chromosomes?

DNA are segments of genes; the genes form tight coils called chromosomes.

Genes are segments of DNA; the DNA forms tight coils called chromosomes.

Chromosomes are segments of DNA; the DNA forms tight coils called genes.

Genes are segments of chromosomes; the chromosomes form tight coils called DNA.

Pea plants can have yellow seeds or green seeds. Which conclusion about the meaning of Y is correct if the allele combination Yy is for yellow seeds?

yellow and dominant

green and recessive

yellow and recessive

green and dominant

Which statement describes the F1 generation of a Mendelian monohybrid cross between two true-breeding parents?

Only the dominant trait is visible in the F1 generation.

Only the recessive trait is visible in the F1 generation.

Neither the dominant nor recessive trait is visible in the F1 generation.

Both the dominant and recessive traits are visible in the F1 generation.

A local plant nursery uses large sprinklers to water the plants twice a day. The water contains phosphorus, which is a fertilizer that helps plants grow. Some of the water becomes runoff and ends up in nearby streams and lakes.

eutrophication

non-sustainable harvesting

nonnative species introduction

deforestation

Which is the most efficient way to avoid DNA mutations from UV radiation?

Avoid getting X-rays at the doctor’s office.

Avoid protective shields during X-rays.

Avoid UV radiation by wearing sunscreen.

Avoid UV radiation by using a tanning bed.

Male peacocks have large colorful tails that they spread in a fan shape to attract females during courtship. Peahens (female peacocks) are more likely to mate with males that have larger and more colorful tails. As a result, few peacocks have tails with dull coloring.Which concept is demonstrated by a decrease in dull coloring?

speciation

biodiversity

natural selection

variation

Scientists use specific levels of organization to analyze the biosphere. Which level of organization describes a school of anchovies? School of Anchovies

ecosystem

community

population

biome

Drosophila eye color is an X-linked trait. Red eye color is dominant, and white eye color is recessive. Which Punnett square shows a cross in which the probability that offspring will be red-eyed males is 25 percent?

A Punnett square is shown. The columns are labeled Upper X r and Upper Y. The rows are labeled x Upper R and x Upper R. Clockwise, from top-left, the boxes include: X Upper R X r, X Upper R Y, X Upper R Y, X Upper R X r.

A Punnett square is shown. The columns are labeled Upper X r and Upper Y. The rows are labeled x Upper R and x r. Clockwise, from top-left, the boxes include: Upper X r Upper X r, Upper X r Upper Y, Upper X r Upper Y, Upper X r Upper X r.

A Punnett square is shown. The columns are labeled Upper X r and Upper Y. The rows are labeled x r and x r. Clockwise, from top-left, the boxes include: Upper X r Upper X r, Upper X r Upper Y, X r Upper Y, Upper X r Upper X r.

A Punnett square is shown. The columns are labeled Upper X Upper R and UpperY. The rows are labeled x r and x r. Clockwise, from top-left, the boxes include: Upper X r Upper X Upper R, Upper X r Upper Y, X r Upper X Upper R, Upper X r Upper X Upper R.

Unattached earlobes is a dominant trait, E. A parent who is homozygous for unattached earlobes is crossed with a parent who is homozygous for attached earlobes. Which describes the genotypes of their offspring?

100 percent Ee

100 percent unattached earlobes

100 percent ee

100 percent attached earlobes

Mutations within an organism can occur in body cells or reproductive cells. Which type of mutation is seen in a sperm cell but not in a skin cell?

somatic mutation

missense mutation

nonsense mutation

germline mutation

Before the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, most peppered moths found in and around Manchester, England, exhibited light-colored wings speckled with black. After the Industrial Revolution, peppered moths with dark wings became predominant in the area.Which term best describes the change from more light-colored moths to more dark-colored moths?

competition

evolution

acquired

overpopulation

Which of the following examples can cause gene flow between populations?

an increase in predators to a population of zebra

a volcanic eruption that kills half of a population of mice

bird droppings that contain seeds from a different location

a person that sprays a toxin on a group of mosquitoes

Suzanne has type A– blood. Which blood type could she receive in a blood transfusion?

A+

O–

O+

B–

Which of the following lists the levels of organizational hierarchy from most complex to least complex?

population, organism, ecosystem

biosphere, community, organism

biome, population, biosphere

population, ecosystem, community

Red-green color blindness is an X-linked recessive disorder that is passed through generations and can be traced by using a pedigree. Which individuals in the pedigree are identified and labeled carriers for red-green color blindness?

Lisa and Monica

Sam, Tim, Bella, and Joshua

Ben, Jenny, Mike, Carol, Katie, and Chris

Ben and Lisa

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