Cumulative Exam — Cumulative exam Answers

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When Justice Lewis Powell stated that racial and ethnic distinctions require the most “exacting judicial examination,” he meant these qualities required

A
reliably consistent judgement.
B
exceptionally neutral evaluation.
C
extremely precise consideration.
D
swiftly determined punishment.
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After the American Revolution, why did France view the United States as a model nation?

A
The United States established a representative democracy.
B
The United States embraced its colonial rulers.
C
The United States ended government-mandated social classes.
D
The United States published the idea of checks and balances.
3

City and county courts have limited jurisdiction on municipal issues. Whose case would a city or county court be most likely to hear?

A
a local person accused of murder
B
a resident fighting a ticket for parking on a city street
C
a state senator accused of illegal gambling
D
a member of a national crime ring that started locally
4

Which accurately describes the Supremacy Clause?

A
States can violate federal law with a judge’s consent.
B
No state can contradict federal law.
C
Only judges may amend the Constitution.
D
Federal judges may never contradict state laws.
5

Some of the rights listed in the English Bill of Rights are also listed in which American document?

A
the Gettysburg Address
B
the Bill of Rights
C
Lincoln’s second inaugural address
D
the Emancipation Proclamation
6

The Supreme Court’s jurisdiction mainly includes

A
criminal cases.
B
cases of constitutional importance.
C
lawsuits between citizens.
D
lawsuits between companies.
7

Why did Hobbes argue that citizens should form a social contract with their government?

A
Citizens would be able to have increased liberty.
B
Citizens would be able to engage in war with other countries.
C
Citizens would be able to work individually without any support.
D
Citizens would be able to form governments that ensure their interests.
8

The president pro tempore of the Senate can best be described as

A
the highest position in the Senate.
B
the most powerful position in the Senate.
C
having some power, but less than the majority leader.
D
a largely ceremonial role without much power.
10

Which statement is true of the Congress established by the Articles of Confederation?

A
It had little power.
B
It had the power to levy taxes.
C
It was limited by the president.
D
It had the power to declare independence.
11

One of the results of the Schenck decision was that it removed protections for

A
speech intended to cause panic or harm.
B
those serving in the military.
C
those who committed crimes.
D
hate speech.
12

In what way are most state governments similar to the federal government?

A
All state and federal executive leaders are appointed by the legislature.
B
Governors all have the same term limits as the president.
C
All state and federal executive leaders are elected.
D
All state governments have executive, legislative, and judicial branches.
13

Who investigates possible impacts of legislation to prepare bills to be considered by the House?

A
the Speaker of the House
B
the Majority Floor Leader
C
the caucuses
D
the committees
15

A theocracy is ruled by religious leaders who

A
believe that a communist government leads best.
B
claim to act with divine authority.
C
want to have influence over a non-religious government.
D
believe that rule by religious law is wrong.
16

Read Chief Justice Warren’s decision from the Miranda case.The entire thrust of police interrogation . . . was to put the defendant in such an emotional state as to impair his capacity for rational judgment. . . . [T]he choice on his part to speak to the police—was not made knowingly.What did Chief Justice Warren say about how Miranda’s confession was made?

A
Miranda was aware of his rights when he made his confession.
B
Miranda incriminated himself intentionally and knowingly.
C
Miranda was unaware of his rights but his confession could be used.
D
Miranda incriminated himself without knowing that he could refuse to do so.
17

In a unitary system of government, local offices

A
have equal power with the central government.
B
elect representatives to the central government.
C
can veto decisions made by the central government.
D
must follow decisions made by the central government.
18

What is judicial review?

A
a decision about which cases go to the Supreme Court
B
the power to determine if an act is constitutional
C
the system by which the Constitution is reviewed
D
a review of acts that have been allowed by Congress
19

Justice John Harlan’s dissent to the court’s decision in Plessy v. Ferguson was based on what premise?

A
Plessy was of mixed heritage.
B
The Constitution is “color-blind.”
C
The train cars were not “equal”.
D
The judge’s verdict was biased.
20

Which quotation from the Declaration of Independence indicates that the Founding Fathers were uncomfortable with the idea of having a monarchy in the newly independent colonies?

A
“The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations.”
B
“A Prince, whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a Tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people.”
C
“To secure these unalienable rights, governments are instituted among men.”
D
“[I]t becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another.”

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