Answers S1S Chemistry B E4912 - AGNuclear Energy

Nuclear Energy — Cumulative exam Answers

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Brian creates the diagram below to organize his notes on nuclear fission and fusion.

produces neutrons

forms heavier atoms

joins two nuclei

forms lighter nuclei

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How much of a sample remains after five half-lives have occurred?

1/5 of the original sample

1/25 of the original sample

1/32 of the original sample

1/64 of the original sample

The graph below compares the total amounts of greenhouse gas emissions expected for future mid-size cars, including emissions that occur when moving fuels from their original source to fueling stations where people can buy the fuels for their cars. Amounts are shown in grams of CO (or equivalent greenhouse gas) per mile driven by the mid-size car. Which vehicles are the best choices for environmentally friendly cars?

fuel cell electric and battery electric

hybrid electric and plug-in hybrid electric

conventional internal combustion and hybrid electric

conventional internal combustion and battery electric

Which statement correctly distinguishes photosynthesis and respiration?

Photosynthesis occurs in animal cells and not plant cells.

Cellular respiration occurs in animal cells and not plant cells.

Photosynthesis uses chemical energy as energy source, and cell respiration uses light energy.

Photosynthesis uses light as energy source, and cell respiration uses chemical energy.

A gas in a rigid container at 25°C has a pressure of 0.96 atm. A change in temperature causes the pressure to increase to 1.25 atm. What is the new temperature of the gas?Use .

–44.2°C

32.6°C

115°C

388°C

A miner develops cancer of the esophagus. Ten years before, he had been exposed to radiation when he worked for a year in a mine. He had also smoked cigarettes for a number of years, but had quit five years ago. Which statement best describes the miner’s condition?

Tests can determine whether the cancer was caused by exposure at the mine or by compounds in cigarette smoke so that a treatment can be determined.

Cancer caused by exposure at the mine would have appeared while he was at the mine, so smoking is the more likely cause.

The cancer is likely the result of natural exposure to radiation in the environment and not related to either the mine or smoking.

It is unlikely that a specific cause can be determined, but the treatment would likely be the same in either case.

Which of the following is an oxidation-reduction reaction?

SO2(g) + H2O(l) H2SO3(aq)

CaCO3(s) CaO(s) + CO2(g)

Ca(OH)2(s) + H2CO3(l) CaCO3(aq) + 2H2O(l)

C6H12O6(s) + 6O2(g) 6CO2(g) + 6H2O(l)

Which best describes why acetic acid (CH3COOH) is an organic compound, but sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is not?

Acetic acid is an acid, but sodium hydroxide is a base.

An acetic acid molecule is relatively large, but a sodium hydroxide molecule is relatively small.

Acetic acid contains a significant amount of carbon, but sodium hydroxide contains no carbon.

An acetic acid molecule contains a double bond, but a sodium hydroxide molecule contains only single bonds.

A supervisor spends a day inspecting a nuclear plant for potential radiation leaks. She has to move throughout the plant inspecting all the equipment and machinery. She needs to take two different radiation detection devices to help ensure her safety and to find radiation leaks. She needs the results immediately. Which two devices would be the best choices for the task?

Geiger counter and scintillation counter

Geiger counter and cloud chamber

cloud chamber and scintillation counter

film badge and scintillation counter

Why do nuclear power plants use fission instead of fusion?

Scientists have not yet gotten a fusion reaction to happen on Earth.

Per gram of fuel, fission releases more energy than fusion.

The energy from fusion cannot yet be converted to electricity.

Fusion requires conditions that use too much energy to maintain.

Consider the redox reaction below.Which statement correctly describes a half-reaction that is taking place?

Hydrogen is oxidized from +1 to 0.

Chlorine is reduced from –1 to 0.

Aluminum is oxidized from 0 to +3.

Hydrogen is reduced from 0 to –1.

The following half-reaction method is used to balance oxidation-reduction equations.(1) Determine which atoms change oxidation state from reactant to product in the reaction.(2) Identify and write half reactions (oxidation and reduction).(3) Return to the original chemical equation to balance it.(a) Insert the coefficients from the half reactions first.(b) Inspect the number of each atom on each side for all elements.Which important step is missing from this procedure?

Check other reactions similar to this one.

Name the elements that are involved in the reaction.

Make sure the reduction half reaction is identified first.

Balance the half reactions based on the number of electrons.

The following reaction occurs in a car’s catalytic converter.2NO(g) + 2CO(g) N2(g) + 2CO2(g) Which answer best describes the reducing and oxidizing processes in this reaction?