AnswersHS Earth and Space Science Sem. 1Cumulative Exam

Cumulative Exam — Cumulative exam Answers

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The image shows landforms in Monument Valley, Utah.

Question illustration
A
folds, strike-slip faults, and anticlines
B
anticlines, synclines, and folds
C
synclines, normal faults, and strike-slip faults
D
normal faults, folds, and anticlines
22
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Which measurement do geologists use to find the absolute age of once-living things?

A
amount of decayed daughter elements
B
total number of half-lives for the element potassium
C
age of ancient rocks located near the remains
D
amount of carbon-14 and nitrogen-14 in the remains
23

Which two characteristics are shared by all thunderstorms, tornados, and hurricanes?

A
clouds and wind
B
eyes and clouds
C
warm, dry air and wind
D
large waves and warm, dry air
24

Which occurs just before a volcanic eruption?

A
Lava flows onto the sides of the volcano.
B
The expanding gases push magma through the pipe.
C
A pocket of magma forms beneath the volcano.
D
New rocks are formed as lava hardens.
25

Which interaction of the atmosphere with the lithosphere benefits the biosphere?

A
Nitrogen gas is released from volcanoes for plants to use.
B
Groundwater resources are replenished in different regions.
C
Sunlight is available for plant absorption during photosynthesis.
D
Plants rely on water vapor to release oxygen into the atmosphere.
26

Meteorology is the study of

A
radar.
B
meteors.
C
Earth’s satellites.
D
Earth’s atmosphere.
27

Which statement best describes a characteristic of maritime polar air masses?

A
They occur mostly during the summer.
B
They form over water with cool, moist air.
C
They bring dense, heavy snow in the winter.
D
They have cool, dry air that forms over land.
28

Which example best illustrates a method to show differences among Earth’s layers?

A
Carson models how the continental crust varies in thickness.
B
Marisol records atmospheric and oceanic temperatures at several beaches.
C
Eliza analyzes seismic wave activity from an earthquake using a computer model.
D
Oscar determines the pressure at different depths of Earth’s crust.
29

Study the image.

Question illustration
A
1
B
2
C
3
D
4
30

At which point is crust neither created nor destroyed?

A
island chain
B
mid-ocean ridge
C
divergent boundary
D
transform boundary
31

Which two large landmasses formed when Pangaea first started to separate?

A
Africa and Europe
B
Europe and Laurasia
C
Gondwanaland and North America
D
Laurasia and Gondwanaland
32

Which statement describes what is gained or lost during radioactive decay?

A
Atoms gain other atoms.
B
Elements take in energy.
C
Atoms lose smaller particles.
D
Elements gain smaller particles.
33

Which fossils are formed by sediments and found in sedimentary rock?

A
a mold of a fish skeleton and a cast of a clamshell
B
a cast of a clamshell and a frozen animal
C
a frozen animal and a piece of petrified wood
D
a piece of petrified wood and a preserved insect
34

Which effect is most likely from a hurricane?

A
damaged homes due to flooding
B
forest fires due to lightning strikes
C
cars sucked in due to a low-pressure center
D
damaged personal property due to hail
35

When a volcano erupts, tiny particles from which of Earth’s spheres are released into the air?

A
atmosphere
B
biosphere
C
geosphere
D
hydrosphere
36

How does coal differ from pine trees as a source of energy?

A
Coal can be replaced easily, while pine trees are difficult to replace.
B
Coal is a nonrenewable resource, while pine trees are a renewable resource.
C
Coal is a clean source of energy, while pine trees cause environmental damage.
D
Coal is an expensive source of energy, while pine trees are an inexpensive source of energy.
37

Which option identifies ways that people positively affect Earth’s resources?

A
use cars that emit fewer harmful gases, build dams, and stop using all resources
B
stop using all resources, increase mining efforts, and halt the runoff of factory waste into rivers and streams
C
build dams, use cars that emit fewer harmful gases, and halt the runoff of factory waste into rivers and streams
D
increase mining efforts, build dams, and use cars that emit fewer harmful gases
38

By which mechanism does older oceanic rock move at a ridge?

A
Magnetic forces move the rock.
B
Continents drift and move the rock.
C
The ridge subducts and moves the rock.
D
New molten material rises and moves the rock.
39

This is a map that shows hot spots around the world.

Question illustration
A
formed due to subduction
B
formed in the middle of a plate
C
formed at a divergent boundary
D
formed at a convergent boundary
40

Which statement explains what similar fossils found on distant continents suggest about Earth’s history?

A
Animals have evolved over time.
B
The continents have moved over time.
C
Earth’s oceans had varying salt content through time.
D
There have been many animals on Earth that are now extinct.

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