Cumulative Exam — Cumulative exam Answers

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Read the message below from the Russian tsar to his cousin, the German kaiser.“An ignoble [not noble] war has been declared to a weak country. The indignation [outrage] in Russia shared fully by me is enormous. I foresee that very soon I shall be overwhelmed by the pressure forced upon me and be forced to take extreme measures which will lead to war. To try and avoid such a calamity as a European war I beg you in the name of our old friendship to do what you can to stop your allies from going too far.” - Telegram from Tsar Nicholas II to German Kaiser Wilhelm II, 1914Which of the following best describes the tsar’s message?

A
He worries that the coming war will be blamed on Russia.
B
He believes that warfare is immoral.
C
He complains about the pressures he is facing from Britain for war.
D
He fears Russia will be forced into war by forces outside his control.
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One of Galileo’s contributions to science was

A
creating the coordinate plane system.
B
developing the scientific method.
C
improving the telescope.
D
inventing the astrolabe.
3

The Third Estate included approximately ninety-eight percent of the French population under the Old Regime. Which group was exclusively part of this estate?

A
parish priests of common descent
B
peasants
C
landowners
D
impoverished nobility
4

The industry that was one of the first to industrialize Europe and the United States was

A
the textile industry.
B
the meatpacking industry.
C
the steel-manufacturing industry.
D
the automobile-manufacturing industry.
5

Which revolution(s) established long-lasting democratic traditions?

A
the American Revolution
B
the American and Glorious revolutions
C
the Glorious and French revolutions
D
the Glorious Revolution
6

In the 1800s, Britain and the United States had laws against unionizing mainly because they believed unions

A
would cause a lot of violence.
B
would be bad for the economy.
C
would brainwash their workers.
D
would reduce the work hours.
7

What was the main reason imperial nations built large naval forces?

A
to initiate sea-based attacks on other nations
B
to support nearby merchants
C
to protect their economic interests
D
to resist attacks on their harbors
8

Which event organized peace between Germany and the Allied forces at the end of World War I?

A
the armistice
B
the Spanish flu pandemic
C
the signing of the Treaty of Versailles
D
the signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
9

What were the direct causes of the American Revolution? Select three options.

A
Colonists’ rights were restricted.
B
Colonists were not represented in Parliament.
C
Colonists didn’t want England ruling from far away.
D
Colonists were frustrated with high taxation.
E
Colonists had a negative reaction to the Boston Tea Party.
10

What is one main principle of capitalism?

A
Businesses are able to participate in free trade.
B
The government maintains control of industry.
C
Individuals do not take part in economic decisions.
D
Most factories and businesses are publicly owned.
11

What areas of humanity did Sigmund Freud attempt to understand? Choose three answers.

A
emotion
B
success
C
behavior
D
speech
E
motivation
12

How did the Magna Carta establish the foundation for a representative government in England?

A
It established a monarchy.
B
It established checks and balances.
C
It established a dictatorship.
D
It established different branches of government.
13

During the era of reform studied, which was the last group to win the rights they fought for?

A
labor
B
enslaved persons
C
women
D
children
14

After a coup d’etat in Spain overthrew the government, Augustin de Iturbide proclaimed

A
Mexico’s independence and made himself emperor.
B
Haiti’s independence and made himself emperor.
C
Argentina’s independence and made himself emperor.
D
Brazil’s independence and made himself emperor.
15

Around 1900, European nations built up their military forces, formed alliances, and expanded their colonial holdings in their efforts to

A
force their enemies to start wars.
B
maintain a balance of power.
C
put a conscription system in place.
D
end the spirit of militarism.
16

What is the main reason a socialist or democratic socialist government imposes high taxes on the wealthy, provides free higher education, and provides public assistance programs regardless of income?

A
to show kindness to its citizens
B
to punish the success of the rich
C
to encourage participation in elections
D
to promote economic equality
17

In what way did industrialization affect the working class?

A
They improved their standard of living.
B
They fell far below other classes.
C
They became more successful.
D
They were absorbed into the middle class.
18

Why did the partition of Africa create artificial boundaries?

A
Europeans ignored traditional boundaries when they carved out their colonies.
B
Europeans agreed that their colonies all had to be roughly the same size.
C
Europeans agreed that their colonies all had to have roughly the same number of people.
D
Europeans made sure not to include harsh terrain, such as deserts, in their colonies.
19

Which were provisions of the Open Door policy? Check all that apply.

A
All foreign countries had to pay taxes equally.
B
Foreign countries with spheres of influence in China were exempt from taxes.
C
Only the Chinese government could collect tariffs on trade.
D
Countries with a sphere of influence should maintain free access to their ports.
E
The United States would oversee the continuance of the Open Door policy.
20

The main goal of the Berlin Conference of 1885 was to

A
isolate Africa.
B
partition Africa.
C
abandon Africa.
D
liberate Africa.

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