Cumulative Exam — Cumulative exam Answers

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Which statement describes the location of an earthquake’s epicenter?

A
It is located using a single set of data.
B
It is determined by the Mercalli Scale.
C
It is determined by the arrival time of surface waves.
D
It is located at the point directly above the focus
3

Which action would best demonstrate that a scientist is being creative?

A
using prior knowledge to solve problems
B
requiring evidence and thinking logically
C
taking a closer look at the natural world
D
following strict rules when using human test subjects
6

Which statement describes divergent boundaries?

D
Divergent boundaries are found only on land.
S
Subduction occurs at divergent boundaries.
P
Plates move toward each other at divergent boundaries.
M
Magma flows from cracks in the crust at divergent boundaries.
8

Which action would best help prevent groundwater erosion?

A
using breakwaters
B
packing down soil
C
building drains with outlets
D
increasing the slopes of riverbanks
11

Scientists once believed that protons, electrons, and neutrons were the smallest particles of matter. Now they believe that these particles are made of even smaller particles.Which statement gives one of the reasons the original belief was a theory?

A
It was not based on tests or observations.
B
It was a factual statement based on a hypothesis.
C
It did not explain what matter is actually made of.
D
It was a widely accepted explanation of the structure of matter.
12

Which organisms release carbon dioxide as waste?

c
consumers only
c
consumers and decomposers
p
producers and decomposers
p
producers only
14

Which rocks will likely weather the least?

A
rocks that are soft
B
rocks with a porous surface
C
rocks that are in a dry climate
D
rocks with minerals that dissolve easily
16

Sydney drew a flow chart to illustrate the nitrogen cycle.

Question illustration
X
X: Producers undergo photosynthesis.Y: Nitrogen compounds are released into the air.
X
X: Nitrogen compounds are released into the air.Y: Producers undergo photosynthesis.
X
X: Free nitrogen is in the atmosphere.Y: Producers absorb nitrogen compounds through their roots.
X
X: Producers absorb nitrogen compounds through their roots.Y: Free nitrogen is in the atmosphere.
17

The diagram illustrates radioactive decay.

Question illustration
A
Structure 1 is an unstable atom that turns into structure 2, a new atom.
B
Structure 1 is a stable element that breaks down into structure 2, an unstable element.
C
Structure 1 is a radioactive element that loses particles to create structure 2, released energy.
D
Structure 1 is a radioactive atom that decays into structure 2, half of the original unstable element.
18

The theory of plate tectonics states that the outer layer of Earth is divided into large, rigid blocks called plates. What could happen that may lead to a change in this theory?

A
Scientists discover new information about Earth's layers.
B
Scientists begin observing Earth's outer layer.
C
Scientists update their opinion of the theory.
D
Scientists revise the definition of theory so that it fits with what they believe.
19

Which event occurs after Earth’s surface experiences weathering?

A
Wind carries sediments to a new location.
B
Ice forms cracks in large rocks.
C
Moving water breaks sediments into pieces.
D
Surface materials wear down into sediment.
20

What type of stress occurs when plates move apart?

A
compression
B
faulting
C
shearing
D
tension

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