Cumulative Exam — Cumulative exam Answers

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Read the excerpt from Dr. Martin Luther King’s “Letter from Birmingham Jail.”If I sought to answer all the criticisms that cross my desk, my secretaries would have little time for anything other than such correspondence in the course of the day, and I would have no time for constructive work. But since I feel that you are men of genuine good will and that your criticisms are sincerely set forth, I want to try to answer your statement in what I hope will be patient and reasonable terms.What is the author’s purpose for including these sentences?

A
to describe the productivity of his daily routine
B
to emphasize the significance of his critics’ letter
C
to establish the impressive credentials of his staff
D
to explain the nature of his profession
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Read the excerpt from Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby.The silhouette of a moving cat wavered across the moonlight, and turning my head to watch it, I saw that I was not alone—fifty feet away a figure had emerged from the shadow of my neighbor’s mansion and was standing with his hands in his pockets regarding the silver pepper of the stars. Something in his leisurely movements and the secure position of his feet upon the lawn suggested that it was Mr. Gatsby himself, come out to determine what share was his of our local heavens. The appearance of Gatsby from the shadows suggests that

A
he prefers to go out at night.
B
he is very busy during daytime hours.
C
he prefers to be left alone.
D
he is a man of mystery and secrets.
3

Read this phrase from Allen Ginsberg’s "A Supermarket in California."I wandered in and out of the brilliant stacks of cans following you, and followed in my imagination by the store detective.From this excerpt, it can best be inferred that the speaker is

A
unconcerned about the time.
B
searching for a particular item.
C
being closely watched for shoplifting.
D
overwhelmed by the multitude of choices.
4

Read the passage from “Child of the Americas.”I speak English with passion: it’s the tongue of my consciousness, a flashing knife blade of crystal, my tool, my craft.How does the imagery create a visual of the speaker’s use of English?

A
It portrays her command of English as precise and beautiful.
B
It shows that she is extremely hesitant to use English.
C
It shows that she only uses English for practical communication.
D
It portrays the language she uses as forceful and hurtful.
5

Read the excerpt from Brown v. Board of Education.Therefore, we hold that the plaintiffs and others similarly situated for whom the actions have been brought are, by reason of the segregation complained of, deprived of the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment.Why does the Supreme Court conclude that the plaintiffs have been denied their rights?

A
The plaintiffs’ schools have neglected their responsibilities.
B
The Fourteenth Amendment fails to reference education.
C
Segregation is inherently unequal and unfair.
D
The plaintiffs’ children have endured racial stereotyping.
6

Use the following definitions to answer the question.emanate:1. (verb) to come from, originateeminent:1. (adjective) of high standing, well-knownimmanent:1. (adjective) within something, innateimminent:1. (adjective) about to occur, pendingRead the sentence.The fire burning out of control put the neighborhood in __________ danger.Which word best completes the sentence?

A
emanate
B
immanent
C
eminent
D
imminent
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Read the following excerpt from Levitt and Dubner’s Freakonomics. The bagel data also reflect how much personal mood seems to affect honesty. Weather, for instance, is a major factor. Unseasonably pleasant weather inspires people to pay at a higher rate. Unseasonably cold weather, meanwhile, makes people cheat prolifically; so do heavy rain and wind. Worst are the holidays. The week of Christmas produces a 2 percent drop in payment rates—again, a 15 percent increase in theft, an effect on the same magnitude, in reverse, as that of 9/11. Thanksgiving is nearly as bad; the week of Valentine’s Day is also lousy, as is the week straddling April 15. There are, however, a few good holidays: the weeks that include the Fourth of July, Labor Day, and Columbus Day. The difference in the two sets of holidays? The low-cheating holidays represent little more than an extra day off from work. The high-cheating holidays are fraught with miscellaneous anxieties and the high expectations of loved ones.Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of this paragraph?

A
Different emotional states affect people’s honesty.
B
Some holidays cause people to be less honest.
C
Cold weather causes an increase in dishonesty.
D
Holidays and cold weather may cause anxiety.
8

Read the sentence from an argumentative essay about chemical waste. The chemical waste produced by factories is out of hand, and factory owners should get in trouble.Which revision offers the most improvement in word choice?

A
The chemical waste produced by factories is insane, and factory owners should be punished.
B
The chemical waste produced by factories is dangerous, and factory owners should be held accountable.
C
The chemical waste produced by factories is huge, and factory owners should get it under control.
D
The chemical waste produced by factories is manageable, and factory owners deserve blame.
9

According to the speaker’s perspective in the poem “The Latin Deli: An Ars Poetica,” what is poetic about the deli?

A
the beauty of the woman who works behind the counter
B
the intellectual conversations that take place inside the deli
C
the emotional attachment to things that are reminders of heritage
D
the complaints about the high cost of imported products
10

Read the excerpt from "Gate A-4” by Naomi Shihab Nye.And I looked around that gate of late and weary ones and I thought, This is the world I want to live in. The shared world. Not a single person in that gate—once the crying of confusion stopped—seemed apprehensive about any other person. They took the cookies. I wanted to hug all those other women, too.(Naomi Shihab Nye, "Gate A-4" from Honeybee. Copyright © 2008 by Naomi Shihab Nye. Reprinted with permission. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED)

A
word positions
B
center justification
C
capital letters
D
short lines
11

What can readers infer about Hurston from her voice in Their Eyes Were Watching God?

A
She has experience in political activism.
B
She speaks in a regional dialect.
C
She values certain cultures above others.
D
She appreciates history and culture.
12

Read the excerpts from “Take the Tortillas Out of Your Poetry” and “Speaking Arabic.”My friend had concluded that if he took his language and culture out of his poetry, he stood a better chance of receiving a fellowship. He took out his native language, the poetic patois of our reality, the rich mixture of Spanish, English, pachuco and street talk which we know so well. In other words, he took the tortillas out of his poetry, which is to say he took the soul out of his poetry. At a neighborhood fair in Texas, somewhere between the German Oom-pah Sausage Stand and the Mexican Gorditas booth, I overheard a young man say to his friend, “I wish I had a heritage. Sometimes I feel—so lonely for one.” And the tall American trees were dangling their thick branches right down over his head.Which best states how the structures of both excerpts support ideas about cultural diversity?

A
Each incorporates non-English words.
B
Each incorporates academic words.
C
Each incorporates offensive words.
D
Each incorporates nonsense words.
13

Read the excerpt from "We Wear the Mask” by Paul Laurence Dunbar.(1) Why should the world be over-wise, (2) In counting all our tears and sighs? (3) Nay, let them only see us, while(4) We wear the mask.

A
It supports the speaker’s decision to embrace individuality and present his true self to society.
B
It emphasizes the speaker’s opinion that society’s judgments are important.
C
It reveals the speaker’s disappointment over how society judges others’ lives.
D
It shows the speaker’s rejection of the idea that society should have access to private emotions.
14

Read the excerpt from Notes of a Native Son.He had lived and died in an intolerable bitterness of spirit and it frightened me, as we drove him to the graveyard through those unquiet, ruined streets, to see how powerful and overflowing this bitterness could be and to realize that this bitterness now was mine. Based on Baldwin’s reflection about his father’s life, which best states the effects of racial prejudice?

A
The effects of racial prejudice evaporate from societies with the passage of time.
B
The effects of racial prejudice impact individuals as opposed to entire societies.
C
The effects of racial prejudice affect only those who experience them directly.
D
The effects of racial prejudice are passed down from generation to generation.
15

Read the excerpt from "Mother Tongue."I am a writer. And by that definition, I am someone who has always loved language. I am fascinated by language in daily life. I spend a great deal of my time thinking about the power of language—the way it can evoke an emotion, a visual image, a complex idea, or a simple truth. Language is the tool of my trade. And I use them all—all the Englishes I grew up with.How does Tan build a central idea of her story in the excerpt?

A
Tan references her writing career to build the idea that writing is the most satisfying career choice for Asian Americans.
B
Tan references her work with language to build the idea that all forms of English are purposeful and meaningful.
C
Tan references her fascination with language to build the idea that daily life is the best language source for writers.
D
Tan references her thoughts about language to build the idea that more people should think about their language usage.
16

Read the excerpt from “Take the Tortillas Out of Your Poetry.”For me, reading has always been a path toward liberation and fulfillment. To learn to read is to start down the road of liberation, a road which should be accessible to everyone. No one has the right to keep you from reading, and yet that is what is happening in many areas in this country today. There are those who think they know best what we should read. These censors are at work in all areas of our daily lives.Which best describes how Anaya uses rhetorical appeal to convince readers that censors want to limit what people can read?

A
Anaya speaks about everyone’s right to read what they choose in order to appeal to the reader’s sense of fairness.
B
Anaya presents documented facts about censors’ motivations in order to appeal to the reader’s sense of logic.
C
Anaya discusses his lifelong love of reading in order to establish his expertise for the reader on the topic of censorship.
D
Anaya refrains from stating a direct opinion in order to allow the reader to form one based on evidence from many areas of the country.
17

Read the excerpt from Neil deGrasse Tyson’s “Death by Black Hole.”That’s the gory moment when your body snaps into two segments, breaking apart at your midsection. Upon falling further, the difference in gravity continues to grow, and each of your two body segments snaps into two segments. Shortly thereafter, those segments each snap into two segments of their own, and so forth, and so forth, bifurcating your body into an ever-increasing number of parts: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, etc. After you’ve been ripped into shreds of organic molecules, the molecules themselves begin to feel the continually growing tidal forces. Eventually, they too snap apart, creating a stream of their constituent atoms. And then, of course, the atoms themselves snap apart, leaving an unrecognizable parade of particles that, minutes earlier, had been you.Which statement best describes how the author conveys the message that humans are no match for the power of a black hole?

A
He explains scientific theories to the reader and provides the definitions for difficult terms and words.
B
He uses logic and reason to lay out each individual step of human combustion as it is absorbed by the tidal force.
C
He provides helpful comparisons of black holes with other cosmic phenomena that the reader may already know.
D
He personalizes the experience for the reader and uses vivid imagery to create a clear mental picture.
18

Read the excerpt from Cristina Garcia’s Dreaming in Cuban.The sunset flares behind a row of brownstones, linking them as if by a flaming ribbon. Lourdes massages her eyes and begins walking with legs that feel held by splints.“I’m glad to see you, Lourdes. Thank you for everything, hija, the hat, the cigars. You buried me like an Egyptian king, with all my valuables!” Jorge del Pino laughs.Lourdes perceives the faint scent of her father’s cigar . . .“Where are you, Papi?”The street is vacant, as if a force has absorbed all living things. Even the trees seem more shadow than substance.“Nearby,” her father says, serious now.The author uses magic realism by

A
revealing Jorge’s appreciation for his valued burial gifts.
B
describing the support for Lourdes’s unstable legs as she walks.
C
using words such as “flares,” “faint,” “vacant,” and “shadow.”
D
comparing the description of the setting sun with a flaming ribbon.
19

Read the excerpt from "In Response to Executive Order 9066".My best friend is a white girl named Denise—we look at boys together. She sat in front of meall through grade school because of our names:O’Connor, Ozawa.In the excerpt, Okita reveals significant details about

A
religion and culture.
B
race and friendship.
C
internment and prison.
D
youth and love.
20

Read the excerpt from The Great Gatsby.Twenty miles from the city a pair of enormous eggs, identical in contour and separated only by a courtesy bay, jut out into the most domesticated body of salt water in the Western hemisphere, the great wet barnyard of Long Island Sound. They were not perfect ovals—like the egg in the Columbus story, they are both crushed flat at the contact end—but their physical resemblance must be a source of perpetual confusion to the gulls that fly overhead. To the wingless a more arresting phenomenon is their dissimilarity in every particular except shape and size. I lived at West Egg, the—well, the less fashionable of the two, though this is a most superficial tag to express the bizarre and not a little sinister contrast between them.The use of words such as “fashionable,” “superficial,” “bizarre,” and “sinister” provide

A
a truthful and vivid description of the West Egg and East Egg.
B
a sense of artificiality in the world the narrator finds himself in.
C
an idea of mischief that surrounds the narrator and his friends.
D
a meaningful portrayal of life on the Long Island Sound in the 1920s.

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