AnswersSS4 PGCPS EARTH SPACE OC SUMMER 2027 - 794243Water and Wind Erosion

Water and Wind Erosion — Cumulative exam Answers

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A radioactive nuclide that is used for radiation therapy for cancer has 33 neutrons and a mass number of 60. Which is the correct symbol for this nuclide?

A
Superscript 27 subscript 60 upper C o.
Option A
B
Superscript 33 subscript 60 upper C o.
Option B
C
Superscript 60 subscript 33 upper C o.
Option C
D
Superscript 60 subscript 27 upper C o.
Option D
2
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In which isotope is the strong nuclear force not strong enough to balance electrostatic forces between protons?

A
carbon-13
B
hydrogen-2
C
neon-21
D
uranium-238
3

Which is the best strategy for addressing polluted air?

A
Reduce the cost of chemicals used in industrial processes.
B
Study the effects of mold exposure on people who suffer from asthma.
C
Encourage people to continue burning fossil fuels as they drive vehicles.
D
Build industrial plants and facilities that release chemicals during processing.
4

Water is called the “universal solvent.” Which statement best explains this description with respect to ionic compounds?

A
Water can dissociate all ionic compounds through ion-dipole interactions.
B
Water can hydrate many ionic compounds through hydrogen-bonding interactions.
C
Water can dissociate many ionic compounds through ion-dipole interactions.
D
Water can hydrate many ionic compounds through dipole-dipole interactions.
5

Which correctly lists the three gases that are part of Earth’s cycles in both the atmosphere and biosphere?

A
radon, carbon monoxide, oxygen
B
carbon dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen
C
nitrogen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide
D
carbon dioxide, radon, oxygen
6

Which action would best help prevent groundwater erosion?

A
using breakwaters
B
packing down soil
C
building drains with outlets
D
increasing the slopes of riverbanks
7

According to the enthalpy diagram below, which of the following statements is true?

Question illustration
A
Arrows A and D represent the enthalpy of the intermediate chemical reactions.
B
Arrow C represents the enthalpy of the overall chemical reaction.
C
Arrow C indicates that the third intermediate reaction is exothermic.
D
Arrow B indicates that the second intermediate reaction is exothermic.
8

Consider the following intermediate chemical equations.What is the enthalpy of the overall chemical reaction ?

Question illustration
A
-4,580 kJ
B
-1,300 kJ
C
1,300 kJ
D
4,580 kJ
9

Which type of deposition creates sandbars?

A
glacial
B
river
C
wave
D
wind
10

Which statement describes indoor air pollution?

A
Smog is a common source of indoor air pollution.
B
Ultrafine particles are classified as indoor air pollutants.
C
Indoor air pollution does not affect symptoms for people with asthma.
D
Chemicals from industrial power plants cause indoor air pollution.
11

Which is most likely true about water in chemical systems?

A
Water dissolves nonpolar ionic compounds.
B
Water dissociates ionic compounds.
C
Water dissociates covalent molecules.
D
Water dissolves nonpolar covalent substances.
12

The overall change in enthalpy of a reaction depends only on

A
the reactants and the products.
B
the path that is taken from the reactants to the products.
C
the reactants and the catalysts only.
D
the reactants, the products, and the catalysts.
13

Consider the nuclear equation below.Which is the missing value that will balance the equation?

Question illustration
A
84
B
86
C
88
D
90
14

Which process involves wind moving loose sediment?

A
abrasion
B
deflation
C
impact
D
plucking
15

Which best explains why water has a much higher boiling point than would otherwise be predicted?

A
Water forms weak hydrogen bonds.
B
Water forms strong hydrogen bonds.
C
Water has weak cohesive forces.
D
Water has strong adhesive forces.
16

An acid is a substance that increases the concentration of H3O+ ions in solution. Look at the reaction below of phenol (C6H5OH) with water:Which reactant acts as an acid by contributing a H+ ion to create H3O+ in the chemical equation?

Question illustration
A
C6H5OH(aq)
B
H2O(l)
C
C6H5O–(aq)
D
H3O+(aq)
17

Which describes the polarity in a water molecule?

A
partial negative charge on the oxygen atom because its electrons are pulled toward the hydrogen atoms
B
partial negative charge on the oxygen atom because it pulls electrons from the hydrogen atoms
C
partial positive charge on the oxygen atom because it pulls electrons from the hydrogen atoms
D
partial positive charge on the oxygen atom because its electrons are pulled toward the hydrogen atoms
18

According to Hess’s law, if a series of intermediate reactions are combined, the enthalpy change of the overall reaction is

A
the difference between the enthalpies of the intermediate reactions.
B
the sum of the enthalpy changes of the intermediate reactions.
C
the product of the enthalpy changes of the intermediate reactions.
D
the fraction of the individual enthalpies of the intermediate reactions.
19

What happens when the lithosphere interacts with the atmosphere?

A
Gases are released from volcanic eruptions.
B
Carbon dioxide is released during plant respiration.
C
Plants absorb sunlight and minerals during photosynthesis.
D
Oxygen gas is cycled as freshwater supplies are replenished.
20

The alpha decay of a radioactive nuclide (X) emits a He-4 nucleus and produces an isotope of . What is X?

Question illustration
A
Superscript 235 subscript 91 upper P a.
Option A
B
Superscript 235 subscript 93 upper N p.
Option B
C
Superscript 236 subscript 92 upper U.
Option C
D
Superscript 239 subscript 94 upper P u.
Option D

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