AnswersBiology AUnit Test

Unit Test — Cumulative exam Answers

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1
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Which food contains mostly polysaccharides?

A
cake
B
sugar
C
berries
D
pasta
2
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Which recent discovery led to a new understanding of how genetic mutations increase the risk of cancer?

A
double helix structure of DNA
B
BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes
C
nucleic acid monomers
D
formation of tumor suppressor proteins
3

Which question can be answered by following the scientific method?

A
What was the highest temperature that was recorded yesterday?
B
What is the most interesting aspect of the light-dependent reactions?
C
How does a change in temperature affect the stomata of a plant?
D
How many stomata are there on this leaf?
4

Tissue cultures (samples of cancer cells) are taken from cancer patients, and the cells are then grown in a laboratory. What is the purpose of growing cancer cells in a laboratory?

A
to test medicinal treatments before giving them to patients
B
to replace cancer cells with healthy cells
C
to provide evidence of cancer cells in the patient
D
to stop the cancer from growing in the patient
5

What scientific knowledge about macromolecules is a direct result of Gerardus Johnannes Mulder’s 1838 discovery?

A
All proteins contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
B
All carbohydrates contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
C
Nucleic acids are polymers with nucleotide monomers.
D
The helical structure of DNA is essential for protein production.
6

If an organism's diploid number is 12, what would be its haploid number?

A
3
B
6
C
24
D
48
7

Which of the following describe a stem cell? Select three options.

A
a cell that is able to develop into a variety of specialized cells
B
a cell that is able to self-renew from differentiated cells
C
a specialized cell that results in differentiation
D
a specialized cell that results in self-renewal
E
a cell that divides by meiosis to produce new cells
8

What type of lipid is estrogen?

A
steroid
B
phospholipid
C
triglyceride
D
wax
9

Lactose (milk sugar) is a carbohydrate that is formed by combining galactose and glucose. Which term best describes this molecule?

A
monosaccharide
B
disaccharide
C
monomer
D
starch
10

Influenza (the flu) is caused by a virus that attacks the respiratory system. Which type of gene is most likely to be widely expressed in the body of someone who contracts the influenza virus?

A
the gene that controls the production of stem cells
B
the gene that controls the production of skin cells
C
the gene that controls the production of red blood cells
D
the gene that controls the production of white blood cells
11

In which part of the body is glycogen stored?

A
liver
B
blood
C
pancreas
D
exoskeleton
12

What is carbon fixation, and how does it relate to photosynthesis?

A
It is the absorption of CO2 from the air, and it occurs during the light-dependent reactions.
B
It is the reduction of CO2, and it occurs during the Calvin cycle.
C
It is the conversion of CO2 into organic compounds, and it forms 3-PGA.
D
It is the production of CO2 during regeneration, and it forms RuBP.
13

A Venn diagram can be used to compare and contrast nucleic acids.Which characteristic would be correctly found in B?

Question illustration
A
contain ribose
B
consist of two strands
C
made of nucleotides
D
have an R group
14

Which structure will form when a primitive cell engulfs an aerobic bacterium?

A
mitochondria
B
chloroplast
C
nucleus
D
cell membrane
15

How does ATP supply energy for cellular activities?

A
by breaking off a phosphate group from its structure
B
by releasing the sugar molecule from its structure
C
by adding a phosphate group to its structure
D
by attaching itself to a glucose molecule
16

Which equation represents fertilization?

A
haploid + diploid = diploid
B
diploid + haploid = haploid
C
haploid + haploid = diploid
D
diploid + diploid = diploid
17

Where does a peptide bond form?

A
between the five-carbon sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another nucleotide
B
between the R group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another amino acid
C
between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another amino acid
D
between the nitrogenous base of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another nucleotide
18

A scientist observes a pair of separate chromosomes that have genes for the same trait arranged in the same order. However, some of the alleles for the genes are different. What is the scientist most likely observing?

A
homologous chromosomes with heterozygous alleles
B
homologous chromosomes with homozygous alleles
C
heterozygous chromosomes with heterozygous alleles
D
heterozygous chromosomes with homozygous alleles
19

The table lists some organelles and functions. Only one pair is correctly matched.Functions of OrganellesOrganelleFunctionLysosomeStores water and waste materialsVacuoleBreaks down sugarsMitochondrion Breaks down waste materials and debrisRibosomeProduces proteins for the cellWhich organelle in the table is correctly matched with its function?

A
lysosome
B
vacuole
C
mitochondrion
D
ribosome
20

Which statement best describes the process of chemiosmosis and the direct result of its occurrence?

A
Hydrogen ions flow from the thylakoid down a concentration gradient through ATP synthase channels into the stroma. ADP is converted to ATP.
B
Hydrogen ions flow from the thylakoid down a concentration gradient through ATP synthase channels into the stroma. ATP is converted to ADP.
C
Hydrogen ions flow from the stroma down a concentration gradient through ATP synthase channels into the thylakoid. ADP is converted to ATP.
D
Hydrogen ions flow from the thylakoid against a concentration gradient through ATP synthase channels into the stroma. ADP is converted to ATP.

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