AnswersTX-Physics CRFirst Law of Thermodynamics

First Law of Thermodynamics — Cumulative exam Answers

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1
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A _________ is a precise way to represent data, but it does not identify trends in the data.

A
graph
B
table
C
variable
D
diagram
2
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The energy transfer diagram represents the energy of a person diving into a pool.

Question illustration
A
1000 J
B
2000 J
C
7000 J
D
15,000 J
3

Hannah made a chart to describe speed and velocity.

Question illustration
A
Switch the chart headings “Speed” and “Velocity.”
B
Describe the calculation for speed as “dividing distance by time.”
C
In the “Speed” column, change “has magnitude” to “is a displacement.”
D
Change the last row of the “Velocity” column to “does not depend on a reference frame.”
4

The MSDS for glacial acetic acid says that it is a flammable liquid that can severely burn any human tissue it comes in contact with. It reacts with bases, various metals, and strong oxidizing agents. Its vapors can form explosive mixtures with air. Based on this information, which statement is applicable to glacial acetic acid?

A
It should be heated to remove moisture and stored on a lab shelf.
B
It should be handled on a clean, dry area of the lab bench.
C
It should be stored in an iron container, away from open flames.
D
It should be handled in a fume hood, away from open flames.
5

A student is working in a lab to determine how time affects impulse. The student keeps the force the same in each trial but changes the impact time. Some data is shown.

Question illustration
A
trial 1
B
trial 2
C
trial 3
D
trial 4
6

What statements best define percent error? Check all that apply.

A
It is a mathematical way of showing accuracy.
B
The higher the percent error, the more accurate the data set.
C
The higher the percent error, the less accurate the data set.
D
Only the experimental value is needed to calculate percent error.
E
Only the actual, or accepted, value is needed to calculate percent error.
F
A percent error always has a positive value.
8

Why is it important to know the direction of the force applied to a moving object and the direction in which the object is moving when determining the work done on the object?

A
Only the component of the force perpendicular to the motion is used to calculate the work.
B
If the force acts in the same direction as the motion, then no work is done.
C
When there is an angle between the two directions, the cosine of the angle must be considered.
D
A force at a right angle to the motion requires the use of the sine of the angle.
9

According to Newton’s second law of motion, the acceleration of an object is inversely proportional to which quantity?

A
velocity
B
mass
C
net force
D
displacement
10

Two scientists are cutting samples of leaves for analysis. One scientist always clips a sample from the base of the leaf near the stem, and the other scientist always clips a sample from the tip of the leaf. This illustrates a

A
procedural error.
B
calibration error.
C
measurement error.
D
unit error.
11

The pitcher on a softball team starts a windup to throw a pitch, as shown.Note: In softball, the ball is pitched underhand in a circular motion in the direction of the arrow.

Question illustration
A
W
B
X
C
Y
D
Z
12

Which best describes the relationship between internal energy and thermal energy?

A
Thermal energy is a measure of the internal energy of a substance.
B
Internal energy is a measure of the thermal energy of a substance.
C
Internal energy is the portion of thermal energy that can be transferred.
D
Thermal energy is the portion of internal energy that can be transferred.
13

What is the formula for calculating kinetic energy?

A
KE = mv2
Option A
B
KE = 2mv2
C
KE = m2v
Option C
D
KE = 2m2v
14

The forces acting on a child sitting in a seat are described by the free-body diagram shown.

Question illustration
A
–100 N
B
0 N
C
100 N
D
200 N
15

Which tool can be used to determine the volume of a metal bolt?

A
a beaker
B
a graduated cylinder
C
a meter stick
D
a micrometer
16

Which of the following values is equal to 1 micrometer?

A
0.000001 meter
B
0.001 meter
C
1,000 meter
D
1,000,000 meter
17

The diagram shows a position-time graph.

Question illustration
A
–2 m
B
–1 m
C
3 m
D
4 m
18

Henry plans to monitor the change in concentration of an acid during a chemical reaction. He wants to collect data every 0.1 seconds and then to graph his data and insert it into a text document. Which pair of tools would be best for Henry to use?

A
a computer and pH paper
B
pH paper and a graphing calculator
C
a computer and a concentration probe
D
a graphing calculator and a concentration probe
19

A substance has a specific heat of 0.870 J/g°C. It requires 2,000.0 joules to increase the temperature of 10.0 grams of the substance from its original temperature to its final temperature.

A
87.0°C
B
174°C
C
230°C
D
1,740°C
20

To do work, this truck uses energy stored in chemical fuel and an electrical battery.

Question illustration
A
50 J
B
250 J
C
400 J
D
800 J
21

In the equation for the gravitational force between two objects, what does G represent?

A
the gravitational constant
B
the gravitational force
C
the gravitational field strength
D
the gravitational acceleration

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