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How would an electron shell model of an oxygen atom (O) appear after the atom has formed chemical bonds?

It would have six electrons in the outermost shell.

It would have six electrons in the innermost shell.

It would have eight electrons in the outermost shell.

It would have eight electrons in the innermost shell.

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An investigation involves determining which metal is better for making pots that will cook food faster. Which is the best hypothesis to use for this investigation?

Copper is better than iron for making pots.

Copper is more malleable and heats up faster than iron.

If copper is a better conductor, it will heat up faster than iron.

If copper heats up faster than iron, it is better for making pots.

Sudhi is studying the motion of a toy car. She places the car in the middle of a ramp and releases it.Which best describes the reference point in this scenario?

the top of the ramp

the bottom of the ramp

the ending position of the car

the starting position of the car

What is produced when calcium reacts with fluorine in a synthesis reaction?Ca + F2 ________

CaF

CaF4

2CaF

CaF2

Look at this image of a star cluster.

open

binary

globular

eclipsing

What do scientists know about the future of the universe?

what dark matter is made of

why the expansion of the universe is accelerating

that stars will eventually burn out causing the universe to become cold and dark

that galaxies spin much slower than they should based on visible matter

An atom of carbon (C) forms covalent bonds with two atoms of oxygen (O) to form carbon dioxide. How are the valence electrons of these atoms rearranged to form the bonds?

Electrons are transferred from the carbon atom to the oxygen atoms.

Electrons are transferred from the oxygen atoms to the carbon atoms.

Many valence electrons are shared between the atoms.

A few valence electrons are shared between the atoms.

Which most likely indicates a chemical change has occurred?

a solid substance becoming larger

a solid melting and becoming a liquid

a green liquid becoming a red liquid

a liquid freezing and becoming a solid

What is a main difference between a mixture and a pure substance?

A mixture is only a liquid, but a pure substance can be in any state.

A mixture looks the same throughout, but a pure substance does not.

A mixture can vary in composition, but a pure substance has a set composition.

A mixture can be made up of a single compound, but a pure substance cannot.

The symbol P represents the element phosphorus. This element’s atomic number is 15. How many protons and electrons are in a P–3 ion?

15 protons and 3 electrons

12 protons and 15 electrons

15 protons and 18 electrons

18 protons and 15 electrons

Which statement describes Earth?

It is an outer planet.

It is a gaseous planet.

It was formed from gas and dust.

It has a thick atmosphere of hydrogen and helium.

Which is the balanced equation for S8 + O2 → SO2?

S8 + O16 → 8SO2

S8 + O2 → S8 + O2

S8 + O2 → S8O2

S8 + 8O2 → 8SO2

Which is an example of a chemical change?

frying an egg

boiling water

melting butter

chopping onions

Which statement best explains how the mass of an atom is organized?

Most of the mass is contained in the nucleus.

The mass is spread evenly throughout the whole atom.

The mass is spread evenly throughout the electron cloud.

Most of the mass is contained in the electron cloud.

Which is a mixture?

sodium metal

chlorine gas

sodium metal and chlorine gas

sodium chloride (salt) and water

Which statement best describes the equation CaCO3 + 2HCl → CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O?

CaCO3 is a reactant; it is present before the reaction occurs.

CaCl2 is a reactant; it is present before the reaction occurs.

CO2 is a reactant because it is most likely a gas.

H2O is a reactant because it is most likely a liquid.

This is how platinum appears in the periodic table.

117

195

273

Carlos is making phosphorus trichloride using the equation below. 2P +3Cl2 _PCl3What coefficient of PCl3 would show that the law of the conservation of mass is represented in the chemical equation?

A cylinder at left with balls evenly spaced throughout the cylinder has an arrow leading to a cylinder at right cylinder with balls in a layer at its bottom.

condensation

boiling

sublimation

freezing

In an investigation, the atoms of a certain substance lose energy during a change of state. Before the change, the atoms are far apart and move constantly at high speeds and in all directions. After the change, the atoms are close together but are able to slide past one another.Use the diagram that shows changes of state between solid, liquid, and gas to answer the question.

Kenneth ran a marathon (26.2 miles) in 5.5 hours. What was Kenneth’s average speed? (Round your answer to the nearest tenth.)

0.2 mph

4.8 mph

5.5 mph

144.1 mph

When ammonium chloride and water interact, less energy is released from breaking the bonds in the water and ammonium chloride than what is required to form the bonds of the new substance.

An endothermic reaction is occurring.

An exothermic reaction is occurring.

Energy is being released into the surroundings.

Energy escapes as light into the surroundings.

Study this image of space.

a nebula

a red giant

a supernova

a neutron star

At the center, 6 unmarked red balls are interspersed with 4 blue balls marked with plus signs. A green cloud with 2 concentric white lines surrounds the center, with 2 small green balls marked with minus signs on the inner white line and 2 small green balls marked with minus signs on the outer white line.

The diagram shows a toy car on a number line.

–4

Which best compares and contrasts how John Newlands and Dmitri Mendeleev organized elements?

Both Newlands and Mendeleev arranged elements according to their chemical properties, but only Newlands used atomic mass as well.

Both Newlands and Mendeleev arranged elements according to their atomic masses, but only Mendeleev used chemical properties as well.

Both Newlands and Mendeleev organized elements into groups, but only Newlands used a table with rows and columns.

Both Newlands and Mendeleev organized elements into a table with rows and columns, but only Mendeleev named different groups of elements.

A researcher is using a particle accelerator in an experiment studying isotopes. How can the researcher change one isotope into a different isotope of the same element?

by removing valence electrons

by adding valence electrons

by adding or removing protons

by adding or removing neutrons

There are several ways to model a compound. One type of model is shown.

CHO

C4H9O2

C4H8O

C3H8O2

This chart shows descriptions of the atoms for four different substances.

Object 1

Object 2

Object 3

Object 4

Zac releases the air from a balloon. Which statement best describes what will happen to the air that was inside the balloon?

It will become more compacted.

It will remain the shape of the balloon but not the size.

It will remain the size of the balloon but not the shape.

It will expand to fill the room.

Alai is comparing the physical property of two materials. He is hitting each with a hammer to observe what happens. What physical property of the materials is Alai most likely observing?

solubility

conductivity

hardness

odor

The temperature of a solution can change the solubility of a substance. The chart shows the solubility of the same solute at different temperatures in water.

Which statement correctly describes compounds?

Compounds cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.

Each compound is composed of one type of molecule.

Compounds can be broken down into simpler substances by physical means.

Each compound is composed of one type of atom.

A solution is oversaturated with solute. Which could be done to decrease the oversaturation?

dilute the solution

add more solute

cool the solution

add a different solute

An object is moving east, and its velocity changes from 65 m/s to 25 m/s in 10 seconds. Which describes the acceleration?

negative acceleration of 4 m/s2

positive acceleration of 4 m/s2

positive acceleration of 9 m/s2

negative acceleration of 9 m/s2

The chemical formula for cesium oxide is Cs2O. What is the charge of cesium?

–1

–2

Examine the image of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram.

cool

hot

large

small

Which list correctly names the three types of galaxies?

binary, open, globular

elliptical, open, binary

irregular, spiral, elliptical

open, irregular, spiral

Jamal is working with three ionic compounds: sodium chloride, calcium sulfide, and barium oxide. His teacher asks him which are the positive ions in each compound.

sodium, calcium, and barium

barium, sulfur, and oxygen

calcium, barium, and chlorine

chlorine, sulfur, and oxygen

Which coefficient is needed in front of NaNO3 to balance the equation Na2S + Zn(NO3)2 → ZnS + _NaNO3?

Which is an example of negative acceleration?

a snowboarder who increases speed when traveling downhill

a biker who maintains a constant speed through a race

a skateboarder who reduces speed when moving up a hill

a runner who fluctuates speed by increasing and decreasing speed

During a camping trip, Sierra collected dry branches and broke them into smaller pieces. She then placed the sticks in a fire pit and used a match to light the sticks on fire. Next, she propped a metal pan of water over the fire and heated it until the water boiled.

physical change: breaking stickschemical changes: lighting the fire, boiling water

physical change: boiling waterchemical change: breaking sticks, lighting the fire

physical changes: lighting the fire, boiling waterchemical change: breaking sticks

physical changes: breaking sticks, boiling waterchemical change: lighting the fire

What is the chemical formula for sulfur trioxide?

SO3

SfO3

SfO

What is the chemical name of SiF4?

sulfur fluoride

silicon fluoride

sulfur tetrafluoride

silicon tetrafluoride

The graph indicates Linda’s walk.

Linda started out moving, and then stopped moving after 6 seconds.

Linda started moving away from the start point, and then moved closer.

Linda never moved the entire trip.

Linda’s path results in a negative slope.

How does Bohr’s model of the atom compare with Thomson’s model?

They both describe atoms as small, indivisible spheres.

They both describe electrons as moving around the nucleus.

They both describe electrons as being surrounded by the positive matter.

They both describe atoms as being made up of positive and negative matter.

Lava is rock that has undergone a physical change and has liquefied. What is known about this change?

The lava gained mass.

The lava was burned into smoke.

The lava can cool back into rock.

The lava lost mass.

Which type of reaction is C12H22O11 → 12C + 11H2O?

synthesis

decomposition

oxidation

combustion

What did Thomson’s model of the atom include that Dalton’s model did not have?

a nucleus

energy levels

electron clouds

smaller particles

The charges for four ions are sodium (Na) +1, calcium (Ca) +2, fluorine (F) –1, and sulfur (S) –2. Which would be an ionic bond that could form from any of these ions?

NaCa2

Na2S

CaF

In the product 6O2, what does the coefficient mean?

There are 12 molecules of O2,

There are 8 molecules of O2,

There are 6 molecules of O2.

There are 2 molecules of O2.

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