Cumulative Exam Answers

The dissonance theory states that attitude change may be caused by tension between __________.A.two attitudes that are inconsistentB.a changed attitude and the previous attitudeC.the opposing attitudes of two peopleD.attitudes and behaviors toward one object

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One way to relieve the discomfort of cognitive dissonance is to reassess the importance of a conflicting attitude.

In general, a counterculture will be supportive of the dominant culture.

Popular culture is practiced by a diverse and __________ group of people.A.dysfunctional B.well-educatedC.homogeneousD.heterogeneous

As new information is processed, a person’s social schema will tend to __________.A.become more complicatedB.regress to traditional schemaC.remain relatively stagnantD.lose overall complexity

Which of the following is the best demonstration of the fundamental attribution error?A.“Chris earned a good grade on the test because he studied hard for this exam.”B.“Chris earned a good grade on the test because he asked the teacher for help.”C.“Chris earned a good grade on the test because he is really smart.”D.“Chris earned a good grade on the test because he ate a good breakfast on test day.”

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the purpose of making attributions?A.People make attributions in order to judge others.B.People make attributions in order to explain behavior.C.People make attributions in order to self improve.D.People make attributions in order to make friends.

Which factor in persuasion would be concerned with the message’s audience?A.channel factorsB.message factorsC.receiver factorsD.source factors

Read the scenario below and answer the question that follows.Brady is a student in a math course. She has a lot of homework, but it seems like she is also learning a lot. When someone asks her whether she likes her math course, she claims to have mixed feelings.Which of the following statements would best describe Brady’s attitude?A.Brady has a strong attitude toward her math course.B.Brady has an unambivalent attitude toward her math course.C.Brady has a highly ambivalent attitude toward her math course.D.Brady has an inaccessible attitude toward her math course.

Which of the following situations involves an external attribution?A.Desiree believes she did well on the exam because she is intelligent.B.Thomas believes he did well on the exam because he knows a lot about math.C.Nick believes he did well on the exam because the exam was easy.D.Cassidy believes she did well on the exam because she tried very hard.

Read the scenario below and answer the question that follows. Katherine is at the movie theater. She waits in line for ten minutes, and then the ticket seller is very rude to her. When she gets inside to buy her snacks, her order is incorrect. Finally, she goes into the theater itself and finds only one open seat even though the ticket seller told her that there were plenty of open seats. She storms back out to the lobby and asks for the manager. When the manager arrives, Katherine yells and screams at her. According to the principle of fundamental attribution error, what are other theater-goers likely to think of Katherine’s behavior? A. “She must be mad because of the lines.” B. “I wonder if her movie was oversold.” C. “Wow, I’ll bet she is rude to everyone.” D. “Man, that’s tough luck for her.” Please select the best answer from the choices provided

Which of the following statements does not describe a feature of social perception?A.Social perception happens automatically.B.Social perception happens slowly.C.Social perception happens unconsciously.D.Social perception happens universally.

What is the effect of attractiveness on social perceptions of friendliness?A.Those who are attractive are perceived as more friendly.B.Those who are attractive are perceived as less friendly.C.Those who are attractive are not perceived on the basis of their friendliness.D.Those who are attractive are perceived to be just as friendly as the unattractive.

Read the scenario below and answer the question that follows. Alan is competing in a speed-eating contest. He ends up winning the contest, beating four other competitors. Alan thinks he has won because he trained the hardest. What kind of attribution has Alan assigned to explain his success? A. a stable internal attribution B. an unstable internal attribution C. a stable external attribution D. an unstable external attribution Please select the best answer from the choices provided

One’s cognitive dissonance can increase as the number of conflicting beliefs increases.

“He only helped because he wanted to impress Susan” is an example of internal attribution.

Cultural characteristics that are spread by the mass media, such as movies and television, are examples of cultural __________.A.diffusionB.assimilationC.appropriationD.accommodation

Read the scenario below and answer the question that follows.Brady is a student in a math course. She has a lot of homework, but it seems like she is also learning a lot. When someone asks her whether she likes her math course, she claims to have mixed feelings.Which of the following statements would best describe Brady’s attitude?A.Brady has a strong attitude toward her math course.B.Brady has an unambivalent attitude toward her math course.C.Brady has a highly ambivalent attitude toward her math course.D.Brady has an inaccessible attitude toward her math course.

Read the scenario below and answer the question that follows. Uriela is walking to school. Daniel pushes her aside as he runs down the street. Uriela becomes upset with Daniel because she believes his behavior was caused by his rudeness. What kind of attribution has Uriela assigned to explain Daniel’s behavior? A. a stable internal attribution B. an unstable internal attribution C. a stable external attribution D. an unstable external attribution Please select the best answer from the choices provided

Research indicates that attitudes are generally very good predictors of behavior.

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between culture and the environment?A.Culture and the environment are unrelated.B.Cultures and environments influence one another.C.Cultures do not change environments.D.Environments cannot influence culture.

A person may have two conflicting attitudes.

It is possible to practice the customs of many different cultures at once.

Those who have positive qualities are often judged more positively on their other qualities.

In general, a social schema could most accurately be described as __________. A. rigid B. permanent C. concrete D. malleable Please select the best answer from the choices provided

Individualist societies are less likely than collectivist societies to put an emphasis on working hard.

The theory stating that we form attitudes through observing another’s behavior or through conditioning is the __________ theory.A.elaborationB.learningC.dissonanceD.self-perception

Which of the following statements concerning the dimensions of attitudes is not correct?A.The easier an attitude is to access, the stronger the attitude usually is.B.An individual with an ambivalent attitude is often more difficult to persuade.C.Research indicates that a highly ambivalent attitude is easier to change. D.Research indicates that strong attitudes are more resistant to change.

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The affective component of an attitude usually describes the subject’s __________ the attitudinal object.A.knowledge ofB.emotions toward C.actual behaviors toward D.intentions for

Which of the following is an example of cultural diffusion?A.the spread of soccer as a sport across countries B.the use of acupuncture in the United StatesC.releasing old traditions after moving to a new countryD.participating in the pop culture of one country while maintaining personal beliefs

Which of the following is an example of cultural appropriation?A.the spread of soccer as a sport across countries B.the use of acupuncture in the United StatesC.releasing old traditions after moving to a new countryD.participating in the pop culture of one country while maintaining personal beliefs

Research indicates that attitudes are generally very good predictors of behavior.

The elaboration likelihood model emphasizes the use of __________ persuasion and __________ persuasion methods. A.direct . . . elaborative B.peripheral . . . elaborative C.direct . . . peripheral D.indirect . . . direct

When individuals go through the process of acculturation, they are likely to shed all the customs of their past culture.

“I won the lottery because I’m lucky” is an example of external attribution. Please select the best answer from the choices provided

The dominant culture may or may not be aware of the different beliefs existing in a member of the subculture.

Sam is going to be introduced to a person whom he will be working with for a long time. When meeting that person for the first time, it is likely that Sam’s initial impression will be __________.A.influenced by the person’s inner characteristicsB.formed without Sam’s conscious inputC.Sam’s permanent impressionD.expressed formally during the meeting