Cumulative Exam Answers
Two animals that can be found at the Grand Canyon include the Abert’s and Kaibab squirrels. The Abert’s squirrel is found at the south rim of the canyon and in a few surrounding states. The Kaibab squirrel, however, can only be found at the canyon’s north rim, mainly on the Kaibab Plateau. The Kaibab squirrel is not found anywhere else in the world. Scientists believe that the squirrels are actually closely related and have developed separately as a result of geographic isolation. It is possible that the squirrels were separated by plateau erosion that separated the forests and isolated the Kaibab population. Some scientists are studying if the squirrels are now two separate species or if the Kaibab squirrel is simply a subspecies of the Abert’s squirrel. Separate species are unable to reproduce with each other. Which evidence would be used to support the claim that the squirrels are two separate species?
Which are produced as a result of meiosis?
Which best describes what happens to ATP during photosynthesis?
Which is a component of the modern cell theory that was not part of the original cell theory?
Which organisms are prokaryotes?
What is the first way in which biology researchers present the results of their latest research?
Kai looks at a photo of herself with her parents. She notices that, while her features are similar to her parents’ features, they do not appear to be identical. Which explains why this is the case?
Cranberries and grapes may have therapeutic value. A cranberry company obtained the patent for a process to extract the oil from cranberry seeds. According to the patent, this oil can be used to treat breast cancer or to reduce its incidence. The oil can be used in drinks and foods. A grape juice company claims to have evidence that certain grapes have health benefits ranging from improving cardiovascular health to improving cognitive brain function in the elderly. These claims will be tested by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) before the companies are allowed to market their products for “treating” ailments or “improving” health. Until then, the companies can describe that their products “help to maintain” or “support” health. Until studies support their claims, the companies cannot ascribe direct health benefits to their products.Why would the FDA perform tests when a cranberry company and a grape company have already conducted research on the same products?
During which stage of cellular respiration is glucose broken down into two molecules of pyruvic acid?
What is another term for the manipulated variable?
What is the next step in the process after a substrate enters the active site of an enzyme?
Many scientists are concerned that the Ogallala aquifer in the United States is being depleted at an alarming rate. What would most likely be a major effect of this aquifer running dry?
Which data could most likely be accurately replicated by other scientists?
Polio is a disease that can cause paralysis. Doctors treated patients with casts and braces, but the work of Elizabeth Kenny led to the use of hot baths and exercise to treat polio victims. These patients had less incidence of paralysis. Kenny’s ideas and their acceptance were due to
A scientist thought he might have discovered a new plant compound that would lower blood pressure in people. In his first experiment, he injected one hundred mice with the compound and found that the blood pressure in ninety-five of the treated mice was not affected. However, all of the mice seemed to grow at a faster rate then the control group. Which statement describes the most likely outcome of this investigation?
Which of the following could be a nucleotide of DNA?
A scientist is studying the effect on human health of bacteria that live in the human intestine. In her study, she found that the bacteria actually help the body’s immune response. To develop scientific consensus about her idea, the scientist should
How does the cell wall protect a plant cell?
For which form of reproduction is a mate required?
Which statement correctly describes the electrons in a water molecule?
Omar studies the effects of a drought on the depth of water in a pond. He takes a reading of the water depth at the same location in the pond every day for the duration of the drought. Which method of displaying data would he most likely use to show changes in water depth?
Katie wants to make ball-and-stick models of the four macromolecules. She has colored balls for each of the elements in these molecules, including the following. red: hydrogen black: carbon purple: oxygen green: nitrogenIn which macromolecule will she use the black, red, and purple balls in a ratio of 1:2:1?
How many homologous chromosome alignments are possible for independent assortment during meiosis?
What observation led researchers to propose that chloroplasts evolved from cyanobacteria?
Mitosis is important because it allows
What is one purpose for the peer-review process in scientific research?
Cory recorded the following values when he measured the length of leaves from one tree.Length in centimeters: 8, 11, 9, 10, 10, 9, 6In what range of data is the length of the next leaf that Cory measures most likely to fall?
Which organisms in the chart can produce ATP by photosynthesis?OrganismCells contain chloroplastsAlgaeXAmoebas Mushrooms Oak treesXBermuda grassX
Mutations within an organism can occur in body cells or reproductive cells. Which type of mutation is seen in a sperm cell but not in a skin cell?
A class was performing an experiment to discover the pH values of some common household substances. The results of three groups are shown in the table below.SubstanceGroup 1 pHGroup 2 pHGroup 3 pHLemon juice2.22.22.1Vinegar2.82.88.2Baking soda8.48.58.4Milk of magnesia10.210.310.2Which statement best describes evidence that Group 3’s data are less valid than the data for the other two groups?
During transcription, what happens to the RNA polymerase if a repressor protein attaches to the operator?
Which is the most efficient way to avoid DNA mutations from UV radiation?
Look at the picture below.What macromolecules make up most of the structure that is shown?
Before raw data can be used as scientific evidence, it must be analyzed and summarized. One way of summarizing data is to find the mean, or average, of a set of data points. What method is used for calculating the mean?
Read the following question.“How fast do hummingbirds fly?”Why is the question a scientific question?
Mitosis is divided into phases.Which phase of mitosis is shown in the diagram?
A scientist tracked the summer eating habits of brown bears. His results are shown in the graph below.If the brown bears’ reliance on leaves increased by 14 percent, how would the combined total of all the percentages be affected?
In an experiment to test a new drug’s effectiveness, one group is given a larger dosage than is typically prescribed, and a second group is given a smaller dosage than is typically prescribed. Then, the results of the groups are compared to each other. What is missing that would improve this scientific design?
Which is required for sexual reproduction?
Which statement correctly distinguishes photosynthesis and respiration?
Consider the diagram.Which process is represented?
Which best describes the relationship between DNA, genes, and chromosomes?
If the endoplasmic reticulum were removed from the cell, which organelle would not be able to function properly, and why?
Which of the following is a method that geneticists use to determine if an individual has chromosome abnormalities?
The graph below shows the light absorbance of two kinds of chlorophyll.Which color of light does chlorophyll b absorb more of than any other color?
Which characteristic best distinguishes quantitative data from qualitative data?
During which process is mRNA synthesized from a DNA template with the aid of RNA polymerase?
In an investigation with density, Marcia’s teacher measures the mass and volume of 10 different samples of a substance. The samples are numbered 1 through 10. Then, the teacher makes the graph that is shown below.What is the independent variable in this investigation?
Consider this statement taken from a student's lab report.Since the hypothesis was supported, I learned that butterflies are attracted to red flowers more than to yellow flowers. More research could be done to compare the relative attraction of different pairs of colors in order to figure out what the best colors are to attract butterflies.From which section of the lab report did the above statement most likely come?
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