Answers BiologyHuman Impact on the Environment

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In which plants' life cycle does double fertilization occur?

seedless plants

nonvascular plants

gymnosperm plants

angiosperm plants

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A Labrador retriever breeder needs to determine if three male pups who were born to Sadie, his black Labrador retriever, are the offspring of Sam, a yellow Labrador retriever from another breeder. Which process could the breeder use to determine if Sam is the father of the pups?

PCR analysis

STR analysis

mtDNA analysis

Y-chromosome analysis

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How are the tongue, ears, and nose a part of the nervous system?

They are sense organs that are part of the central nervous system.

They are sense organs that are part of the peripheral nervous system.

They are internal organs that are part of the central nervous system.

They are internal organs that are part of the peripheral nervous system.

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A disease-causing bacteria successfully enters your body, making it past the first and second lines of defense. Which barrier will then act on the bacteria?

chemical

physical

biological

electrical

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Plant reproduction requires the presence of auxins, as well as a large amount of sugar for energy. Which two main plant tissues work together to release sugar and carry hormones so that reproduction can take place?

leaves and dermal

stems and ground

dermal and vascular

ground and vascular

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A weakened immune system may be caused by

an overproduction of lysozymes.

muscle disorders.

immunodeficiency disorders.

complement systems in the blood.

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Which of the following statements best describes scientific research?

Research typically uses one source.

Research typically uses a variety of sources.

Research is all done by doctors.

Research is all done in a laboratory.

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This diagram illustrates the three types of plant tissue.Which main plant tissue are the lines pointing to in the enlarged diagram?

dermal

ground

vascular

meristem

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Which form of natural selection does the graph represent?

directional selection

disruptive selection

sexual selection

stabilizing selection

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The sketch shows a rynchosaur, an extinct animal that is known only from fossils. There has been much debate about the classification of these creatures. Some scientists suggest that they belong with primitive amphibians, and some think they are related to snakes and lizards. The data equally support both cases.Which statement best explains how to draw a cladogram that includes the rynchosaur?

Draw the cladogram for amphibians.

Draw the cladogram for reptiles.

Draw two cladograms, both showing the traits, and leave it as a hypothesis.

Draw two cladograms, both showing the traits, and have scientists vote.

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Which virus is correctly matched with its structure?

HIV—helical shape

polio—polyhedral shape

Ebola—complex shape

bacteriophage—enveloped shape

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When comparing dogs to wolves, scientists found evidence that supports the idea they come from a common ancestor. Which combination of evidence would most strongly support this idea?

comparable anatomies, fossils, and behavior

different anatomies, similar development, and different DNA

comparable anatomies, similar development, and similar DNA

different anatomies, fossils, and behavior

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Which is the correct order of processes that occur as water moves from a lake to a cloud and then back to Earth's surface?

evaporation, condensation, precipitation

condensation, evaporation, precipitation

precipitation , condensation, evaporation

evaporation, precipitation, condensation

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Imagine a person stepping on a pin and pulling his or her foot away. Look at the reflex arc of this scenario below.

The sensory nerve carries the signal from the effector to the interneuron, and the motor neuron carries the signal to the receptor.

The motor nerve carries the signal from the receptor to the interneuron, and the sensory neuron carries the signal to the effector.

The sensory nerve carries the signal from the receptor to the interneuron, and the motor neuron carries the signal to the effector.

The sensory nerve carries the signal from the receptor to the motor neuron, and the interneuron carries the signal to the effector.

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Which statement is most accurate about alternation of generations?

It involves changing the total number of chromosomes in a plant cell.

It refers to the haploid and diploid phases of the plant life cycle.

It refers to the processes of meiosis and fertilization.

It involves only some of the seedless vascular plants.

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Which structure of the excretory system mainly functions in filtration?

ureter

kidney

urethra

bladder

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Aristo was riding in a car and noticed a pond that was covered in algal blooms due to excess phosphorus in the water. Which of these other features in the landscape could be the reason for the high levels of phosphorus?

many cars

cow pasture

solar panels

forest

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A news article discussed a genetically engineered medicine that is used to enhance the production of antibodies that are used against disease. Which medicine can this article be about?

insulin

flu shot

penicillin

human growth hormone

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Consider the diagram that depicts the lysogenic and lytic cycles. In which step of the diagram does the virus release a protein that causes the cell wall to burst?

step C

step D

step E

step F

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Antoinette was diagnosed with hypertension, a noncommunicable disease in which her blood pressure is higher than normal. What is the most likely explanation for why she is hypertensive?

She had a diet high in salt intake.

She did not wash her hands enough.

She was bitten by a mosquito.

She was never vaccinated against hypertension.

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Veronica got a cut on her arm, and it started bleeding. Her circulatory system started working hard to prevent blood loss and protect against infection.Which two components of the blood were functioning at a higher level than normal?

platelets and plasma

plasma and red blood cells

white blood cells and platelets

red blood cells and white blood cells

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When a person sees a doctor about a respiratory illness, the doctor will want to determine if the sickness is in the upper respiratory tract or the lower respiratory tract. The starting point for the lower respiratory system is the trachea.Which structures are part of the upper respiratory system? Select three options.the larynxthe bronchusthe alveolithe lungsthe pharynxthe nose

the larynx

the bronchus

the alveoli

the lungs

the pharynx

the nose

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Sophie says dolphins and sharks look very similar, so they must be related. Jake disagrees, saying DNA evidence has shown that dolphins and other aquatic mammals are actually more closely related to the ancestors of modern hippos. Who is correct using the modern system of classification?

Sophie is correct because dolphins look more like sharks than like hippos.

Jake is correct because classification is based on evolutionary relationships.

Both are correct because traditional and modern classifications can overlap.

Neither is correct because neither is taking into account both the traditional and modern systems

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Before the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, most peppered moths found in and around Manchester, England, exhibited light-colored wings speckled with black. After the Industrial Revolution, peppered moths with dark wings became predominant in the area.Which term best describes the change from more light-colored moths to more dark-colored moths?

competition

evolution

acquired

overpopulation

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The graph shows the changing levels of hormones during menstruation and ovulation. What happens to hormone levels during ovulation, and why is this important?

The hormone levels increase to prepare a woman’s body to receive a fertilized egg.

The hormone levels decrease to prepare a woman’s body to receive a fertilized egg.

The hormone levels increase, and the next menstrual cycle begins with shedding of the uterine lining.

The hormone levels decrease, and the next menstrual cycle begins with shedding of the uterine lining.

A microgram of skin cells.

cell

tissue

organ

organ system

Pandas eat bamboo for energy. What are pandas?

producers

consumers

decomposers

autotrophs

Which describes the primary function of the nervous system in keeping the body in homeostasis?

It processes the environment and sends out signals.

It controls movement and provides structure.

It physically breaks down and absorbs food.

It puts oxygen in the blood, which is essential for life.

Smallpox is a virus that causes a rash that then turns into painful blisters. The last known case of smallpox was in 1977. What is the best explanation for the eradication of smallpox?

People are exercising more than they used to.

Genetic testing determines who is more prone to smallpox.

There was an increase in antibacterial products.

An effective vaccine was developed.

Male peacocks have large colorful tails that they spread in a fan shape to attract females during courtship. Peahens (female peacocks) are more likely to mate with males that have larger and more colorful tails. As a result, few peacocks have tails with dull coloring.Which concept is demonstrated by a decrease in dull coloring?

speciation

biodiversity

natural selection

variation

Which best describes the exocrine glands?

Exocrine glands function only for digestion and temperature regulation.

Exocrine glands can sometimes release substances out of the body.

Exocrine glands secrete substances into the bloodstream.

Exocrine glands are only found in the skin and mouth.

Which of these can be found in both gymnosperms and angiosperms?

vascular tissue and exposed seeds

vascular tissue and seeds

flowers and vascular tissue

enclosed seeds and flowers

Which is an advantage of flowering plants?

Flowers attract insects that transport gametes.

Flowers give greater access to sunlight.

Flowers help transport water and nutrients.

Flowers assist plants that live in the water.

Which of the following examples can cause gene flow between populations?

an increase in predators to a population of zebra

a volcanic eruption that kills half of a population of mice

bird droppings that contain seeds from a different location

a person that sprays a toxin on a group of mosquitoes

Hyenas and lions have fierce battles over food. Which type of relationship does this describe?

parasitism

commensalism

predation

competition

What is the function of the hormone progesterone?

preparation of the body for maintaining pregnancy

development of male secondary sex characteristics

development of female secondary sex characteristics

preparation of the fallopian tube for fertilization

A farmer has applied a pesticide to control a pest population that is affecting her crops. The pest population has reacted as shown below.Which best describes the process that the pest population has experienced due to this environmental change?

genetic diversity

natural selection

natural resistance

gene flow

Which is most likely a source of air pollution?

littering

CFCs

oil spill

runoff

Which is a requirement for natural selection to occur?

heritable variations for some traits

the ability of an organism to improve a trait during its lifetime

equal probability of survival for all offspring

fewer offspring than the environment can support

If the data below were put into a bar graph, which animal would have the lowest bar on the bar graph?Number of Individuals in a Rocky Mountain Forest OrganismPopulationMountain lions150Bobcats300Coyotes10,000Deer25,000

mountain lions

bobcats

coyotes

deer

A scientist measured an increase in nitrous oxide in the atmosphere. This increase would result in

an increase in the greenhouse effect.

a decrease in the greenhouse effect.

no change in the greenhouse effect.

a stabilization of the greenhouse effect.

Which best describes the movement through the nephron?

Blood is passed into the nephron and removed through the urethra.

All materials that exit the blood into the nephron are removed in the urine.

Some of the materials that exit the blood can be returned to the blood.

High quantities of sugars and water are excreted in the urine.

Fossils show how the complexity of living organisms has changed over time. Gerobatrachus hottoni was a unique organism that lived during the Permian period between ancient salamanders and ancient frogs. Scientists have nicknamed this organism the “frogamander” because it is believed to be a common ancestor of both modern frogs and salamanders.Which type of fossil is Gerobatrachus hottoni most likely to be?

intermediary

phylogenic

transitional

index

Kudzu is a vine that was brought to the United States from Japan to prevent erosion. Once here, kudzu became invasive. What role does kudzu most likely play in the environment in the United States?

Kudzu experiences loss due to overeating by livestock.

Kudzu is very susceptible to harsh winter conditions.

Kudzu outcompetes native plants for sunlight and nutrients.

Kudzu reproduces at a slow rate.

Which statement best describes the central nervous system?

It senses stimuli and carries out a reaction.

It secretes hormones.

It is made up of all nerve cells.

It is made up of the brain and the spinal cord.

Which is most likely to help an introduced species become invasive?

a low reproductive rate

big difference between original and new habitats

a strong predator in new habitat

great tolerance to a wide range of conditions

Which system is represented by the diagram below?

endocrine

exocrine

respiratory

immune

What is a snake that eats a mouse an example of?

predation

competition

mutualism

parasitism

Why is the action of phagocytes considered a nonspecific response?

It does not occur at any specific temperature.

It is not involved with the production of any specific type of lymphocyte.

It does not respond to any specific type of hormone.

It is not a response to a specific type of pathogen.

What moves lymph through the lymphatic system?

The beating of the heart

Osmotic balance

Skeletal muscles

The lymph nodes

Capillary exchange

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