Cycles of Matter Answers

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The image shows the Great Rift Valley in Africa, an example of a rift valley.

Question illustration
A
The rift valley formed when the crust pulled apart.
B
The rift valley formed due to subduction.
C
The rift valley formed similarly to an island arc.
D
The rift valley formed at a convergent boundary.
3

Which statement describes the damage that results from earthquakes?

A
Amount of damage can be used to determine intensity.
B
Damage can be measured using the Richter scale.
C
The amount of damage increases as magnitude decreases.
D
Earthquakes that cause maximum damage are the most common.
4

Which type of stress causes rocks to fold?

A
compression
B
shearing
C
strike-slip
D
tension
5

The image below shows a fault.

Question illustration
A
The hanging wall and footwall both move vertically.
B
Shearing is causing the plates to slide past each other.
C
The hanging wall moves down in relation to the footwall.
D
Compression is causing the plates to move toward each other.
6

This image shows a volcanic eruption in Hawaii with lava flowing into the sea.

Question illustration
A
Its magma is high in silica.
B
Its magma has low viscosity.
C
Its gases are released in rapid bursts.
D
Its lava came from an explosive eruption.
7

The image shows a mountain peak in Asia.

Question illustration
A
compression
B
gravity
C
shearing
D
tension
8

Which statement describes seismic waves?

A
They carry energy.
B
They move in one direction.
C
They originate from the epicenter.
D
They only vibrate at Earth’s surface.
9

Which is one step that geologists use to find the epicenter of an earthquake?

A
They look at data from at least one seismograph.
B
They measure the difference between arrival of P waves and S waves.
C
They draw circles around the epicenter from three locations.
D
They obtain information about the intensity of earthquakes from seismographs.
12

The image shows mountains in Alaska.

Question illustration
A
A syncline is visible.
B
An anticline is visible.
C
These mountains show no evidence of folding.
D
These mountains likely formed from normal faults.
13

The diagram shows circles drawn by geologists trying to determine the location of an earthquake’s epicenter.

Question illustration
A
location of an epicenter
B
location of a focus
C
location of a seismograph
D
location of a wave
15

Which strategy do geologists use to locate the center of an earthquake?

A
They only analyze local data.
B
They collect data from seismographs.
C
They measure arrival times of surface waves.
D
They draw squares on maps for measurements.
16

The image shows the locations of volcanoes around the world.

Question illustration
A
Many volcanoes are on the eastern coast of Asia.
B
Most volcanoes are in the center of continents.
C
No volcanoes are found in the middle of the ocean.
D
Many volcanoes are on the eastern coasts of North and South America.
19

Which best describes how wedge basins form?

A
When two plates move apart, the weaker part of Earth’s crust moves down at normal faults where sediments are deposited until a basin forms.
B
At the area where two bent plates slide past each other, a depression forms where sediments are deposited.
C
When two plates collide, the non-subducting plate scrapes the subducting plate and forms a depression where sediments gather.
D
At the area of a depression between two plates, sediments continue to get deposited and become compacted.

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