Descriptive and Inferential Statistics Answers
Analyze the graph below and answer the question that follows. Based on the location of the observed test value, what would a psychologist conclude about the research results?
If the observed test value of a hypothesis test is outside of the established critical value(s), a researcher would __________.
Compare and contrast correlation and regression.
Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: Both correlation and regression are used in inferential statistics as types of correlational analysis, which looks at the relationships between variables. However, correlation is used only to determine if a relationship between variables exist, whereas regression is used to determine if one variable influences another or to predict variable outcomes.
__________ correlation between two variables means that as scores on one variable increase, then scores on another variable also increase.
The mean, median, and mode of a distribution are __________.
Which of the following statements about a normal distribution is not true?
Compare and contrast measures of central tendency and measures of variability.
Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: Measures of central tendency and measures of variability are both components of descriptive statistics and provide information about data sample scores. However, measures of central tendency provide information about the summary of data scores as represented by the mean, median, and mode. Measures of variability, such as the range and standard deviation, provide information on how far scores are spread out or vary through a distribution.
Define statistics and give an example of three types of variables that researchers study using statistics.
Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: Statistics is a set of methods that researchers use to collect and analyze information or data about different variables. An example of a variable can be behavior, facts, performance, beliefs, attitudes, or emotions. Specific examples of variables such as age, height, depression, exercise habits, and self-esteem are also acceptable.
Explain why researchers cannot claim causation when examining the relationship between variables.
Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: Researchers cannot claim that one variable causes another because they are not entirely sure which variable impacts the other when examining the relationship between them. Researchers also do not know for sure how many unknown or untested variables influence another variable. Therefore, claiming that one variable causes another would be inaccurate.
A researcher claiming that females were more empathetic than males would test that hypothesis by using __________ statistics.
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