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Development of Scientific Knowledge Answers

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1
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Why is the scientific method described as nonlinear?

A
The steps of the scientific method are repeated in a cycle.
B
Scientists often repeat one or more steps several times.
C
Sometimes scientists forget to perform some of the steps.
D
The steps can be performed only once but in any order.
2
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A scientist noticed that a dark-colored peppered moth is more visible on a light-colored background than a light-colored peppered moth. He wonders, “Does this difference in visibility affect the survival rate of dark moths?” Which part of the scientific method does he need to carry out next?

A
Pose a question.
B
Form a hypothesis.
C
Interpret data.
D
Form a conclusion.
3

What is one way that early scientific practice differed from modern scientific practice?

A
Early hypotheses were not based on observations.
B
Early hypotheses were not tested by experimentation.
C
Early hypotheses were formed from scientific questions.
D
Early hypotheses were influenced by creative thinking.
4

Which statement about technology is true?

A
Technology improves a scientist’s ability to make observations.
B
Technology does not have any effect on a scientist’s work.
C
Technology is necessary for scientists to perform experiments.
D
Technology only helps scientists analyze data and write reports.
5

Which career field is an applied science?

A
geology
B
biotechnology
C
physics
D
chemistry
6

Why do scientists try to repeat other scientists’ experiments?

A
to test if the instruments in their labs are working properly
B
to practice following the procedures
C
to try to improve the first scientist’s work
D
to see if the original results are reproducible
7

A scientist who conducted an experiment obtained an unexpected result. What will she most likely do with the unexpected result?

A
leave it out of her analysis and final report
B
stop the experiment and begin again
C
change the procedures and try again
D
develop a new question to be investigated
8

Data must be considered valid for scientists to trust conclusions. Which is the best way to increase the validity of data in an experiment?

A
Get many scientists' opinions of the data.
B
Measure data in SI units.
C
Carry out two or fewer trials.
D
Record only the most significant observations.
9

In 1970, Hamilton Smith isolated the first restriction enzyme. Restriction enzymes are used to cut strands of DNA at specific points. This discovery led to the development of recombinant DNA, which is widely used in several scientific industries to produce proteins and hormones more cheaply and in much larger quantities than earlier methods. The change in scientific knowledge caused by Smith’s discovery most directly affected which sector of society?

A
technology
B
commerce
C
government
D
education
10

Which is an example of science playing a role in developing technology?

A
the use of an electric spark to produce amino acids from gases that are present in Earth’s early atmosphere
B
the discovery that Penicillium mold produces a substance that prevents bacterial growth
C
the improvement in lens-grinding technology, which led to the discovery of cells in cork
D
the discovery that microwaves can pop corn, which led to the creation of microwave ovens

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