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Earth's Climate History Answers

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1
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What is a fossil?

A
the remains of an animal or plant preserved within a layer of rock
B
a large body of compacted ice formed over thousands of years
C
the energy radiated from the Sun
D
a change in the structure of Earth's surface
2
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Which statement best explains how tectonic activity affects long-term climate change?

A
Volcanic eruptions change Earth’s tilt, which is responsible for the seasons.
B
The movement of continents changes wind patterns and ocean currents.
C
The change in Earth’s elliptical orbit around the Sun causes climate change.
D
The increase of sunspots increases Earth’s temperature.
3

Pollen grains help scientists

A
identify plants and make assumptions on past climate conditions.
B
understand tree growth and make assumptions on past climate conditions.
C
understand how Earth was shaped and make assumptions on past climate conditions.
D
identify major ice ages and make assumptions on past climate conditions.
4

Which played a major role in altering wind patterns and ocean currents?

A
volcanic eruptions
B
ice ages
C
movement of continents
D
solar flares
5

What most likely caused the ice ages?

A
the size of tree rings and the amount of pollen grains
B
solar flares and gassy ejections from the Sun
C
the tilt of the Earth’s axis and the shape of its orbit
D
the temperatures of the Sun and moon
6

What is the relationship between Earth's temperature and the number of sunspots that occur?

A
An increased number of sunspots causes an increase in Earth's temperature.
B
A decreased number of sunspots causes an increase in Earth's temperature.
C
An increased number of sunspots causes Earth's temperature to remain constant.
D
A decreased number of sunspots causes Earth's temperature to remain constant.
7

Mt. Pinatubo, a volcano in the Philippines, erupted in 1991. The eruption resulted in the cooling of Earth’s surface for two years.What can you deduce from the information given?

A
Solar energy seeped through the atmosphere.
B
The eruption caused sunspot activity to increase.
C
The volcano released a lot of sulfur dioxide and ash.
D
Greenhouse gases caused the cooling of Earth’s surface.
8

What do glaciers deposit that helps scientists study ancient climates?

A
plants that produce pollen grains
B
rocks formed from lava
C
sediment that contains fossils
D
animals that migrate
9

Which factors of Earth’s position would contribute to long-term climate change?

A
its elliptical orbit and the tilt on its axis
B
its distance from other planets and the tilt on its axis
C
the tilt on its axis and its distance from the moon
D
its distance from the moon and its elliptical orbit
10

What do scientists study to reconstruct past climate conditions?

A
tree branches, pollen grains, and rain water
B
pollen grains, tree rings, and fossils
C
rain water, tree rings, and fossils
D
fossils, pollen grains, and tree branches

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