Earth's Interior Answers

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Which best describes eras and periods?

A
Eras have a smaller time span than periods.
B
Eras and periods are independent of each other.
C
Eras and periods both appear at the start of the Cambrian period.
D
Eras were more recently established on the time scale than periods.
3
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Study the diagram of the geologic time scale.Which method is most likely used to identify what happened before the start of the Paleozoic era?

Question illustration
A
Scientists study fossils from the Jurassic period.
B
Scientists observe index fossil records of the Mesozoic era.
C
Scientists examine fossil evidence during the Precambrian time.
D
Scientists explore the emergence of mammals and humans in the Cenozoic era.
4

Which correctly lists the three isotopes that geologists measure to determine the age of an organism’s remains?

A
argon, nitrogen, and carbon-12
B
carbon-14, nitrogen, and carbon-12
C
nitrogen, potassium, and carbon-14
D
carbon-12, potassium, and argon
5

Fran finds a dark-colored rock that she identifies as basalt. Which property gives the rock its dark color?

A
its shape
B
its banding
C
its grain size
D
its mineral content
6

Which sphere of Earth includes icebergs?

A
atmosphere
B
biosphere
C
cryosphere
D
geosphere
7

Which example describes biotic factors interacting with the environment?

A
sunlight shining through a window
B
oxygen circulating in the atmosphere
C
rain forming puddles on the sidewalk
D
butterflies resting on the flower of a plant
8

Which is the first step in the process during the formation of molded fossils?

A
Sediment hardens into rock.
B
Sediment is eroded from rock.
C
Organisms are buried under sediment.
D
Organisms' shapes are preserved in rock.
9

Rosa drew a flow chart of the carbon cycle.

Question illustration
A
X: Producers undergo photosynthesis.Y: Decomposers return carbon to the soil and release waste.
B
X: Decomposers return carbon to the soil and release waste.Y: Producers undergo photosynthesis.
C
X: Decomposers take in carbon dioxide.Y: Producers absorb carbon through their roots.
D
X: Producers absorb carbon through their roots.Y: Decomposers take in carbon dioxide.
10

After two half-lives, how much of the original material has decayed?

A
25 percent
B
50 percent
C
75 percent
D
100 percent
11

A mineral forms in water heated by magma inside Earth.Which statement best describes this mineral?

A
The mineral formed through evaporation.
B
The mineral crystallized from molten material.
C
The mineral formed when a hot water solution cooled.
D
The mineral likely has all the same properties as the surrounding rock.
12

Which type of rock is most likely to form because of high heat and pressure?

A
igneous
B
magma
C
sediment
D
metamorphic
13

Which phrase describes the relative age of a rock?

A
uses the law of superposition to determine which rock is older or younger
B
can determine the age based on location of a rock within the same layer
C
requires only one rock to determine the age
D
can provide the exact age of a rock
14

Which spheres of Earth are directly influenced when human-caused air pollution leads to acid rain that dissolves limestone rocks?

A
atmosphere, cryosphere, geosphere
B
cryosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere
C
geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere
D
biosphere, atmosphere, cryosphere
15

During the nitrogen cycle, through which structure are nitrogen compounds first absorbed into the plant?

A
roots
B
leaves
C
flower
D
stem
16

Several cheetahs are growling at each other while hunting for animals. For which need are they competing?

A
food
B
shelter
C
sunlight
D
water
17

Which evidence suggests that several mass extinctions have occurred during Earth's history?

A
Fossils provide information about water level and temperature.
B
Many fossils demonstrate that organisms have changed over time.
C
Fossils of the same species have been found on distant continents.
D
Many fossils of organisms that are no longer living have been discovered.
18

Which is a common use of minerals?

A
pasta
B
toothpaste
C
applesauce
D
wooden craft stick
19

Some consumers, like lions, do not eat plants or any other producers. They only eat other animals.How do lions obtain the carbon they need?

A
by eating animals that have carbon-based molecules stored in their bodies
B
by breathing it in from the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide
C
by absorbing carbon-based molecules through their skin from the soil
D
by drinking water that contains carbon dioxide
20

Which correctly lists three properties that are used to identify minerals?

A
luster, weight, streak
B
magnetism, size, weight
C
size, weight, luster
D
streak, luster, magnetism
21

The diagram illustrates the water cycle.

Question illustration
A
precipitation
B
evaporation
C
condensation
D
transpiration

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