Answers25-26 CHEMISTRY IN THE EARTH SYSTEM S1Energy Transformations

Energy Transformations Answers

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1
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What is the basis for analyzing an energy transfer diagram?

A
The mechanical energy input and output must be equal.
B
Heat must always be the largest output.
C
The sum of all outputs must equal the input.
D
Electrical energy is an input but not an output.
2
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If no energy is lost due to friction, which statements about the energy of the ball are true? Check all that apply.

A
The potential energy at the top of the ball’s motion is 18 J.
B
The kinetic energy is less when the ball is thrown than when it is caught.
C
The kinetic energy increases as the potential energy decreases.
D
The kinetic energy decreases as the potential energy increases.
E
The total mechanical energy of the ball stays constant.
F
The mechanical energy decreases as the ball moves up and increases as the ball comes down.
3

Which best describes how energy changes form in a car’s engine?

A
A single transformation occurs because the chemical energy of the fuel is changed to the mechanical energy of the car.
B
A single transformation occurs because the mechanical energy of the car originates from one spark.
C
Multiple transformations occur because the chemical energy of the fuel is changed to several forms of energy.
D
Multiple transformations occur because the chemical energy of the fuel must be replenished to keep the car running.
4

A blender takes in 180 J of electrical energy. Of the 180 J, 90 J are transformed into kinetic energy, 60 J are transformed into thermal energy, and the rest is transformed into sound.

A
30 J
B
90 J
C
150 J
D
330 J
5

Which of these changes would make the diagram error-free? Check all that apply.

A
reducing the amount of thermal energy to 475 J
B
increasing the amount of electrical energy to 825 J
C
increasing the amount of sound energy to 225 J
D
reducing the amount of kinetic energy to 50 J
E
reducing the amount of electrical energy to 675 J
6

What is the sequence of energy transformations associated with a hydroelectric dam?

A
electrical energy into mechanical energy into kinetic energy into gravitational potential energy
B
gravitational potential energy into kinetic energy into mechanical energy into electrical energy
C
chemical energy into kinetic energy into mechanical energy into electrical energy
D
chemical energy into thermal energy into kinetic energy into electrical energy
7

Which energy transformations occur when a candle burns?

A
Thermal energy transforms into mechanical energy and radiant energy.
B
Chemical energy transforms into thermal energy and electrical energy.
C
Thermal energy transforms into radiant energy and chemical energy.
D
Chemical energy transforms into thermal energy and radiant energy.
8

A baseball has a mass of 0.145 kg and is 12 m above the ground. If it has a mechanical energy of 105.8 J, how fast is it moving?

A
17 m/s
B
35 m/s
C
89 m/s
D
130 m/s
10

When energy is changed from one form to another, some of the energy is lost to the surroundings as waste thermal energy. The more steps needed to arrive at the desired energy or the more types of energy that are generated, the more energy is wasted.

A
a hairdryer
B
a solar cell
C
a car engine
D
a hydroelectric dam

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