AnswersPhysical Science Sem 1 2003310 BCPS 2026-27Evaluating Scientific Explanations

Evaluating Scientific Explanations Answers

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Read the excerpts about climate change.Article 1, found on the website of the Natural Resources Defense Council, a certified charitable organization, supports global warming.Global warming doesn't create hurricanes, but it does make them stronger and more dangerous. Because the ocean is getting warmer, tropical storms can pick up more energy and become more powerful. So global warming could turn, say, a category 3 storm into a much more dangerous category 4 storm. In fact, scientists have found that the destructive potential of hurricanes has greatly increased along with ocean temperature over the past 35 years.Article 2 was written by Michael Fumento, writer for the New York Post editorial blog, who does not support global warming.Back in 2005 I and others reviewed the entire hurricane record, which goes back over a century, and found no increase of any kind. Yes, we sometimes get bad storms—but no frequently now than in the past. The advocates simply ignored that evidence.Fact is, the earth was cooling and warming long before greenhouse gases could have been a factor. The [global warming supporters] have been proved wrong time and time again.

A
Although Article 1 mentions evidence discovered by scientists, more research is needed about the data source to determine if the claim is scientific.
B
Article 1 is a scientific claim because it says that global warming doesn’t create hurricanes.
C
Although Article 2 mentions the study of a hurricane record, it is a scientific claim because the author himself reviewed it and is therefore an expert.
D
Article 2 uses a scientific claim because the author says the Earth is in a cooling cycle.
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Read the passage about the fluoridation of drinking water.Since the early 1960s, fluoride has been added to many sources of drinking water to prevent cavities in teeth. This is called fluoridation. There are some who say that this is unnecessary and increases the risk of cancer.In 1993, the Subcommittee on Health Effects of Ingested Fluoride of the National Research Council, part of the National Academy of Sciences, conducted an extensive study about the link between fluoridated drinking water and increased cancer risk. The study included data from more than 50 human disease studies and six animal studies. The Subcommittee concluded that none of the data showed a link between fluoridated drinking water and cancer. A 1999 report by the CDC supported these findings. The CDC report concluded that studies so far have produced "no credible evidence” of a link between fluoridated drinking water and an increased risk for cancer.

A
Fluoride has been added to drinking water since the 1960s.
B
Some people doubt the necessity of fluoridation.
C
More than 50 studies were conducted.
D
Fluoride has been found to prevent cavities in teeth.
3

Which is an unreliable source?

A
A scientist who studies dinosaurs presents her research on velociraptors at a science convention.
B
An advertisement for acne medication claims it can clear up acne in less than one week.
C
An article on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website discusses the salmonella bacteria.
D
A chemistry teacher discusses possible projects for the upcoming science fair.
4

Sharon reads two different articles about avocados. The first article, in a weight-loss magazine, claims that avocados are unhealthy because they are high in fat. The second article, in an annual publication from a doctors’ group, claims that the fat in avocados is a type that is good for the heart.To assess these claims, which question might Sharon ask?

A
Which source do avocados come from?
B
Where are avocados sold?
C
Is the source an authority on the subject?
D
How much do avocados cost?
5

Which source is reliable?

A
government websites
B
online encyclopedias edited by the public
C
personal websites
D
newspaper editorials

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