What are some ways that humans modify their environments to suit the needs of their societies?
Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: Humans commonly modify their environments by constructing roads, bridges, highways, and other structures for transportation. They can create parks, lakes, recreational areas, beaches, and other water areas. Humans construct houses, offices, skyscrapers, shopping centers, and other buildings to live and work in. Finally, they build hospitals, police stations, schools, fire stations, and other buildings for government services.
Explain the relationship between a subculture and a dominant culture.
Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: A subculture is practiced by a smaller group of people than a dominant culture. Subcultures are different from the larger group for reasons that include beliefs, customs, ethnic backgrounds, and religion. Larger, dominant cultures may see subcultures as a threat.
Boston's harbor is an example of the interaction of culture and the environment. How did citizens of Boston change the harbor to meet their needs? How did the harbor influence Boston's culture?
Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: A natural harbor has lead to a rich maritime history in Boston. The city developed lobster and fishing industries as a result. A growing population encouraged Boston’s citizens to find new land to build on. As a result, citizens progressively built out into the harbor, adding new land and managing the harbor’s size.
Analyze three cultural practices of the Inuit that have been influenced by their environment. How can environments shape cultures' behaviors, norms, and beliefs?
Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: (Students may discuss a number of Inuit practices, such as diet, housing, clothing, and transportation.) Sparse vegetation has influenced a traditional diet that consists of fish and hunted food. Snow and ice influenced traditional forms of housing, and methods of transportation must be compatible with snowy environments. The prevalence of animal products has made these products popular for fabrics and clothing.
Compare and contrast cultural diffusion and cultural appropriation. How are these two processes part of the same system?
Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: Cultural diffusion and cultural appropriation are means of cultural sharing. Cultural diffusion refers to the process by which characteristics of one culture are spread to nearby cultures. Media, trade, and popular culture can help diffusion take place. Appropriation refers to the borrowing or adopting of customs from another culture. When diffusing culture, a group is spreading its beliefs, practices, and values. When appropriating culture, a group is taking beliefs, practices, and values from others.
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