AnswersFall 24 GSE Biology A ICGenetic Code

Genetic Code Answers

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Organisms inherit specific traits and characteristics from their parents. Albinism is an inherited disorder that occurs when an organism is unable to produce or distribute melanin. Melanin is a substance in the body that helps determine skin color, hair color, and eye color.Which is the basic unit of heredity that carries the trait of albinism from parent to offspring?

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A
base pairs
B
genes
C
proteins
D
codons
2
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Which best describes the outcome of DNA replication?

A
The new DNA molecule is identical to the original DNA.
B
The new DNA molecule is synthesized from amino acids.
C
The new DNA molecule has a different number of codons.
D
The new DNA molecule is single-stranded.
3

As DNA is replicated, which DNA base pair will bond to cytosine?

A
adenine
B
thymine
C
cytosine
D
guanine
4

Which bases are found in a strand of DNA?

A
thymine, guanine, cytosine, uracil
B
guanine, cytosine, uracil, adenine
C
cytosine, glycine, adenine, thymine
D
adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine
5

Rosalind Franklin is famous for which contribution to the study of DNA?

A
creation of an accurate model of DNA structure
B
creation of an X-ray diffraction image of DNA structure
C
identification of a pattern in ratios of DNA bases
D
identification of DNA in bandages that contained pus
6

In 1953, who developed the model that is shown below?

Question illustration
A
James Watson and Francis Crick
B
Marshall Nirenberg and Heinrich Matthaei
C
Rosalind Franklin
D
Erwin Chargaff
7

Which of the following incorrectly matches the term with its location?

A
DNA is found in a chromosome.
B
Chromosomes are found in the nucleus of a cell.
C
Genes are located in a nucleotide.
D
Nitrogen bases are located in the central rungs of a DNA ladder.
8

What basic unit of heredity is found on segments of DNA and are passed on from parent to offspring?

A
nucleotide
B
gene
C
phosphate molecule
D
deoxyribose sugar
9

If the same base pairs are used to code for all organisms, why is there so much variation among organisms?

A
The order of the codons differs between organisms.
B
The order of the codons is the same between organisms.
C
The codons in each organism are the same.
D
The codons in each organism differ.
10

What was Marshall Nirenberg and Heinrich Matthaei’s contribution to our current understanding of the genetic code?

A
discovery of codons
B
discovery and extraction of DNA
C
creation of a model of DNA
D
creation of Photo 51
11

What is one benefit of mapping the human genome?

A
locating the chromosomal abnormalities that cause disease
B
having the genomes of every living individual on file
C
choosing the gender or intellectual ability of an unborn child
D
cloning the individuals that comprise a nearly extinct tribe
12

Which are segments of DNA that code for specific traits?

A
genes
B
chromosomes
C
proteins
D
codons
13

Who is credited with creating the first accurate model of DNA?

A
Rosalind Franklin
B
Friedrich Miescher
C
James Watson and Francis Crick
D
Marshall Nirenberg and Heinrich Matthaei
14

Who first identified DNA?

A
Rosalind Franklin
B
Erwin Chargaff
C
Friedrich Miescher
D
James Watson
15

Which is one of the primary goals of the Human Genome Project?

A
to cure all diseases that affect humans
B
to sequence the genome of every living individual
C
to identify the 20,000 to 25,000 genes that comprise the human genome
D
to measure the length of human DNA

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