AnswersTPS EdX English Language Arts 11Globalization and the Information Age: Postmodernism into the Twenty-First Century

Globalization and the Information Age: Postmodernism into the Twenty-First Century — Test Answers

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Which citation format is correct if a student is quoting from an article entitled “We the People” that is published on a website and has no author information?

A
(Anonymous, “We”)
B
(“We the People,” No page #)
C
(“We the People”)
D
(Author Unknown)
2
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Which is the best example of a thesis statement for an argumentative essay about zoos and animal welfare?

A
Zoos have been around for thousands of years, and each year they draw millions of people to see the variety of animals they house.
B
Animals can be bred at zoos to increase their population and to combat extinction.
C
Although many people feel that keeping animals captive in zoos is cruel, zoos are necessary for animal conservation and research.
D
Many animals die prematurely in zoos because they are exposed to infectious diseases.
3

Which citation format is correct if a student is quoting a line on page 45 of a book titled Prison by Horace Gardener?

A
(Gardener, p.45)
B
(Gardener, Prison, p.45)
C
(Gardener 45)
D
(Prison 45)
4

Which sentence from an argumentative essay about genetically modified foods best states a claim?

A
Genetic modification is the act of combining various genes from different organisms resulting in a brand-new, modified organism.
B
Foods can be genetically modified to be resistant to pests and viruses.
C
Genetically modified foods should not be sold to consumers until proper tests can prove their safety.
D
The sale of genetically modified foods is outlawed in some countries.
5

Read the sentence that appears in an argumentative essay about American public education. If education is so important to American society, then why is funding for American public schools so pathetic? Which revision exhibits the best word choice for the underlined portion of the sentence?

A
why is the money given to public schools so pathetic?
B
why is the funding for American public schools so inadequate?
C
why is pathetic funding given to American public schools?
D
why is the funding for American public schools so ridiculous?
6

Read the sentence that appears in an argumentative essay about American public education. Millions of dollars have been spent by taxpayers on programs to improve education. Which revision offers the most improvement in sentence fluency?

A
So much money has been spent on education by way of taxes.
B
Programs endorsed by taxpayers have also been funded by taxpayers.
C
Taxpayers have spent millions of dollars on programs to improve education.
D
Programs to improve education cost millions of dollars, and taxpayers need to pay for them.
7

Read the excerpt from Freakonomics . It’s worth thinking about the incentive a wrestler might have to throw a match. Maybe he accepts a bribe (which would obviously not be recorded in the data). Or perhaps some other arrangement is made between the two wrestlers. Keep in mind that the pool of elite sumo wrestlers is extraordinarily tight-knit. Each of the sixty-six elite wrestlers fights fifteen of the others in a tournament every two months. Furthermore, each wrestler belongs to a stable that is typically managed by a former sumo champion, so even the rival stables have close ties. Which of the following claims is best supported by the evidence in this excerpt?

A
Because sumo wrestlers have strong social ties, it is a dishonor to throw a match in a tournament.
B
There is great pressure for sumo wrestlers to cheat in order to beat wrestlers from rival stables.
C
The offering of a bribe is a guaranteed enticement for a champion sumo wrestler to purposely lose a match in a tournament.
D
The close relationship between sumo wrestlers could be an incentive for an elite wrestler to throw a match he doesn’t need to win.
8

Read this excerpt from Levitt and Dubner’s Freakonomics . The incentive scheme that rules sumo is intricate and extraordinarily powerful. Each wrestler maintains a ranking that affects every slice of life; how much money he makes, how large an entourage he carries, how much he gets to eat, sleep, and otherwise take advantage of his success. The sixty-six highest-ranked wrestlers in Japan, comprising the makuuchi and juryo divisions, make up the sumo elite. A wrestler near the top of this elite pyramid may earn millions and is treated like royalty. Any wrestler in the top forty earns at least $170,000 a year. The seventieth-ranked wrestler in Japan, meanwhile, earns only $15,000 a year. Life isn’t very sweet outside the elite. Low-ranked wrestlers must tend to their superiors, preparing their meals and cleaning their quarters and even soaping up their hardest-to-reach body parts. So ranking is everything. A wrestler’s ranking is based on his performance in the elite tournaments that are held six times a year. Each wrestler has fifteen bouts per tournament, one per day over fifteen consecutive days. If he finishes the tournament with a winning record (eight victories or better), his ranking will rise. If he has a losing record, his ranking falls. If it falls far enough, he is booted from the elite rank entirely. The eighth victory in any tournament is therefore critical, the difference between promotion and demotion; it is roughly four times as valuable in the rankings as the typical victory. Based on the excerpt, which of the following statements best summarizes the incentive system that ranks sumo wrestlers?

A
The incentive system treats all sumo wrestlers equally.
B
The incentive system rewards elite sumo wrestlers.
C
The incentive system penalizes elite sumo wrestlers.
D
The incentive system treats all sumo wrestlers like royalty.
9

Read this excerpt from Levitt and Dubner’s Freakonomics . The incentive scheme that rules sumo is intricate and extraordinarily powerful. Each wrestler maintains a ranking that affects every slice of life; how much money he makes, how large an entourage he carries, how much he gets to eat, sleep, and otherwise take advantage of his success. The sixty-six highest-ranked wrestlers in Japan, comprising the makuuchi and juryo divisions, make up the sumo elite. A wrestler near the top of this elite pyramid may earn millions and is treated like royalty. Any wrestler in the top forty earns at least $170,000 a year. The seventieth-ranked wrestler in Japan, meanwhile, earns only $15,000 a year. Life isn’t very sweet outside the elite. Low-ranked wrestlers must tend to their superiors, preparing their meals and cleaning their quarters and even soaping up their hardest-to-reach body parts. So ranking is everything. A wrestler’s ranking is based on his performance in the elite tournaments that are held six times a year. Each wrestler has fifteen bouts per tournament, one per day over fifteen consecutive days. If he finishes the tournament with a winning record (eight victories or better), his ranking will rise. If he has a losing record, his ranking falls. If it falls far enough, he is booted from the elite rank entirely. The eighth victory in any tournament is therefore critical, the difference between promotion and demotion; it is roughly four times as valuable in the rankings as the typical victory. Based on the excerpt, which statement provides the best example of incentive for a sumo wrestler to cheat?

A
Sumo wrestling is revered in a way that American sports can never be.
B
Sumo wrestling has fifteen bouts in each elite tournament.
C
A sumo wrestler near the top of the elite pyramid may earn millions of dollars.
D
A sumo wrestler must participate in elite tournaments six times a year.
10

Read the excerpt from Freakonomics . Now let’s look at the win-loss percentage between the 7–7 wrestlers and the 8–6 wrestlers the next time they meet, when neither one is on the bubble. In this case, there is no great pressure on the individual match. So you might expect the wrestlers who won their 7–7 matches in the previous tournament to do about as well as they had in earlier matches against these same opponents—that is, winning roughly 50 percent of the time. You certainly wouldn’t expect them to uphold their 80 percent clip. As it turns out, the data show that the 7–7 wrestlers win only 40 percent of the rematches. Eighty percent in one match and 40 percent in the next? How do you make sense of that? Which type of evidence does the authors use in this excerpt to support the claim that some sumo wrestlers will intentionally lose a match?

A
anecdotal
B
statistical
C
testimonial
D
analogical
11

Which line from Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close reveals a melancholy tone?

A
As for the bracelet Mom wore to the funeral, what I did was I converted Dad’s last voice message into Morse code, and I used sky-blue beads for silence, maroon beads for breaks between letters . . .
B
She said it was the best gift she’d ever received. I asked her if it was better than the Edible Tsunami, from when I was interested in edible meteorological events. She said, “Different.”
C
I wanted to tell her she shouldn’t be playing Scrabble yet. Or looking in the mirror. Or turning the stereo any louder than what you needed just to hear it. It wasn’t fair to Dad, and it wasn’t fair to me.
D
I made her other Morse code jewelry with Dad’s messages—a necklace, an anklet, some dangly earrings, a tiara—but the bracelet was definitely the most beautiful, probably because it was the last, which made it the most precious.
12

Which line from Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close reveals a sentimental tone?

A
I couldn’t sleep, not after hours, and it made my boots lighter to be around his things, and to touch stuff that he had touched, and to make the hangers hang a little straighter, even though I knew it didn’t matter.
B
His tuxedo was over the chair he used to sit on when he tied his shoes, and I thought, Weird . Why wasn’t it hung up with his suits?
C
Had he come from a fancy party the night before he died? But then why would he have taken off his tuxedo without hanging it up? Maybe it needed to be cleaned? But I didn’t remember a fancy party.
D
If I hadn’t noticed anything else weird, I wouldn’t have thought about the tuxedo again. But I started noticing a lot.
13

Which line from Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close reveals a nostalgic tone?

A
Even after a year, I still had an extremely difficult time doing certain things, like taking showers, for some reason, and getting into elevators, obviously.
B
A lot of the time I’d get that feeling like I was in the middle of a huge black ocean, or in deep space, but not in the fascinating way.
C
It’s just that everything was incredibly far away from me. It was worst at night. I started inventing things, and then I couldn’t stop, like beavers, which I know about.
D
We used to Greco-Roman wrestle on the floor in there, and tell hilarious jokes, and once we hung a pendulum from the ceiling and put a circle of dominoes on the floor to prove that the earth rotated.
14

Read this excerpt from Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close . In bed that night I invented a special drain that would be underneath every pillow in New York, and would connect to the reservoir. Whenever people cried themselves to sleep, the tears would all go to the same place.... And when something really terrible happened—like a nuclear bomb, or at least a biological weapons attack—an extremely loud siren would go off, telling everyone to get to Central Park to put sandbags around the reservoir. What assumption does the narrator make in this excerpt?

A
that many people express their grief through tears
B
that volunteers are always willing to help in a crisis
C
that a biological weapons attack is imminent
D
that his creativity will be eagerly embraced
15

Read this excerpt from Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close . I wanted to tell her she shouldn’t be playing Scrabble yet. Or looking in the mirror. Or turning the stereo any louder than what you needed just to hear it. What assumption does the narrator make in this excerpt?

A
that his mother’s game-playing detracts from her time with him
B
that his mother’s activities are adversely affecting her work
C
that his mother’s attention to the mirror suggests vanity
D
that his mother’s activities suggest an end to her grief
16

Read this excerpt from Infinite Jest . ‘I could, if you’d let me, talk and talk. Let’s talk about anything. I believe the influence of Kierkegaard on Camus is underestimated. I believe Dennis Gabor may very well have been the Antichrist. I believe Hobbes is just Rousseau in a dark mirror. I believe, with Hegel, that transcendence is absorption. I could interface you guys right under the table,’ I say. ‘I’m not just a creâtus, manufactured, conditioned, bred for a function.’ What assumption does the narrator make in this excerpt?

A
that the people he is addressing expect a confrontation
B
that the people he is addressing have researched philosophy
C
that the people he is addressing enjoy long conversations
D
that the people he is addressing appreciate intellectualism
17

Read this excerpt from Infinite Jest . I cannot make myself understood. ‘I am not just a jock,’ I say slowly. Distinctly. ‘My transcript for the last year might have been dickied a bit, maybe, but that was to get me over a rough spot. The grades prior to that are de moi .’ My eyes are closed; the room is silent. How does the narration affect the narrator’s credibility in this excerpt?

A
His honesty renders him earnest and genuine.
B
His slang makes him seem youthful and intriguing.
C
His explanations depict him as a bit defensive.
D
His French jargon makes him seem international.
18

Which excerpt from Fast Food Nation best illustrates the author’s use of the rhetorical appeal logos ?

A
A job at a fast food restaurant became an American rite of passage, a first job soon left behind for better things.
B
When she finally walks home, after seven hours of standing at a cash register, her feet hurt. She’s wiped out.
C
English is now the second language of at least one-sixth of the nation’s restaurant workers, and about one-third of that group speaks no English at all.
D
Her family’s modest townhouse sits beside a busy highway on the south side of Colorado Springs, in a largely poor and working-class neighborhood.
19

Read the excerpt from Fast Food Nation . “When management determines exactly how every task is to be done . . . and can impose its own rules about pace, output, quality, and technique,” the sociologist Robin Leidner has noted, “[it] makes workers increasingly interchangeable.” The management no longer depends upon the talents or skills of its workers — those things are built into the operating system and machines. Jobs that have been “de-skilled” can be filled cheaply. The need to retain any individual worker is greatly reduced by the ease with which he or she can be replaced. Which best describes the type of evidence presented in this excerpt?

A
testimonial
B
anecdotal
C
analogical
D
statistical
20

Read the following excerpt from Levitt and Dubner’s Freakonomics . The bagel data also reflect how much personal mood seems to affect honesty. Weather, for instance, is a major factor. Unseasonably pleasant weather inspires people to pay at a higher rate. Unseasonably cold weather, meanwhile, makes people cheat prolifically; so do heavy rain and wind. Worst are the holidays. The week of Christmas produces a 2 percent drop in payment rates—again, a 15 percent increase in theft, an effect on the same magnitude, in reverse, as that of 9/11. Thanksgiving is nearly as bad; the week of Valentine’s Day is also lousy, as is the week straddling April 15. There are, however, a few good holidays: the weeks that include the Fourth of July, Labor Day, and Columbus Day. The difference in the two sets of holidays? The low-cheating holidays represent little more than an extra day off from work. The high-cheating holidays are fraught with miscellaneous anxieties and the high expectations of loved ones. Based on the excerpt, the conclusion that “personal mood seems to affect honesty” is best supported by which of the following statements?

A
Relaxing summer and fall holidays generally cause theft rates to increase.
B
Stressful fall and winter holidays generally cause theft rates to remain steady.
C
Stressful fall and winter holidays generally cause payment rates to drop.
D
Relaxing summer and fall holidays generally cause payment rates to drop.

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