Explain how water pollution affects marine ecosystems.
Water pollution harms marine ecosystems by introducing toxins, plastics, excess nutrients, and pathogens. These pollutants can cause algal blooms and oxygen-depleted dead zones, destroy habitats such as coral reefs, poison marine organisms, reduce reproduction, and disrupt food webs and biodiversity.
Explain how overpumping leads to water scarcity in coastal areas.
Overpumping lowers the coastal freshwater table faster than it can be recharged. This allows seawater to intrude into the aquifer, making the groundwater salty and unsuitable for drinking or irrigation, which increases water scarcity.
Describe two environmental impacts of urbanization in Latin America.
Two environmental impacts are deforestation and habitat loss as cities expand into forests and farmland, and increased air and water pollution caused by traffic, industry, sewage, solid waste, and urban runoff.
Describe the primary environmental challenges facing Latin America in the early 21st century.
The primary challenges include widespread deforestation, especially in the Amazon; loss of biodiversity and habitats; air and water pollution; soil erosion and degradation; water scarcity; and the environmental effects of rapid urbanization, mining, and other resource extraction.
Describe four expected impacts of global warming.
Four expected impacts of global warming are rising sea levels, more frequent or intense heat waves and storms, changing precipitation patterns that produce more floods and droughts, and damage to ecosystems and agriculture as species lose suitable habitats.
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