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How to Experiment Well Answers

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1
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A researcher wants to know if eating a mint affects whether people can distinguish between two popular orange juice brands. To conduct an experiment, the researcher places 50 participants in two groups. The treatment group will eat a mint before drinking a juice, while the control group will not eat a mint before drinking. Then the participants will guess the juice brand. To select the groups, the researcher labels each participant with a number and selects slips of paper labeled 1–50 from a bowl at random. The first 25 participants whose numbers are selected will be the treatment group, while the other 25 will be the control group.

A
should be roughly equivalent because both groups will have 25 participants.
B
should be roughly equivalent because the participants were labeled and then randomly selected for the groups.
C
might not be roughly equivalent because one group may contain people that drink more juice than the other group.
D
might not be roughly equivalent because one group may contain more people that prefer a particular juice brand.
2
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A teacher wants to know if burning a scented candle affects students’ performance on pop quizzes. In the experiment, there will be a treatment group and a control group each taking their quizzes in a room that either does or does not have a scented candle burning.

A
to ensure that both groups have a nice mix of students
B
to ensure that the two groups have the same number of students
C
to ensure that both groups are roughly equivalent regarding students’ preparedness, anxiety levels, and study skills
D
to ensure that the rooms for both groups are approximately the same regarding time of day, temperature, sound control, and lighting
3

A researcher wants to know if eating a mint affects whether people can distinguish between two popular orange juice brands. To conduct an experiment, the researcher places participants in two groups. The treatment group will eat a mint before drinking a juice, while the control group will not eat a mint before drinking. Then the participants will guess the juice brand.

A
that there will be the same number of participants in both groups.
B
that the experiment results can be generalized to all people.
C
that both groups have participants that like both popular juice brands.
D
that both groups are roughly equivalent with regards to demographics and juice preferences.
4

A researcher is interested in whether using mental imagery can help people remember specific details when given information. To conduct the experiment, the researcher selects the treatment group by placing numbered slips of paper in a hat and randomly selecting half of the numbers, making sure to mix the slips between each selection.

A
The researcher did not use randomization to select the treatment and control groups.
B
The researcher did not randomly choose the participants for the experiment.
C
The researcher did not label the participants with numbers before placing the numbers in a hat.
D
The researcher did not use enough random selections to make the correct number of groups.
5

A researcher is interested in whether using mental imagery can help people remember specific details when given information. To conduct the experiment, the researcher asks 100 volunteers to participate. The researcher places everyone’s name in a hat and randomly selects 50 names, making sure to sure to mix the names between each selection.

A
The researcher did not use enough randomization in the process.
B
The researcher used volunteers instead of randomly selected people from the population.
C
The researcher did not assign the 50 names to the treatment group or the control group.
D
The researcher should have used numbers instead of names for confidentiality reasons.
6

An education researcher is interested in comparing the learning outcomes of students who are taught a lesson using five different teaching techniques. There are 75 students in the school who can participate in the experiment. Using a table of random digits, the researcher will randomly place the students into five equally sized treatment groups suitable for comparison.

A
5
B
15
C
60
D
75
7

A research group is comparing the learning outcomes of students who are taught a lesson using four different teaching techniques. There are 75 students in the school who can participate in the experiment. Using a table of random digits, the researchers will randomly place the students into five equally sized treatment groups suitable for comparison, four of which will receive a different teaching technique and one of which will remain a control group.

A
Randomly number each person with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5. Assign the students to the treatment groups based on their label.
B
Select a student, and identify the first digit reading from left to right on a random number table. If the first digit is 1 or 2, assign that student to the technique 1 group. Similarly, digits 3 or 4, 5 or 6, 7or 8, and 9 or 0 go with the technique 2, technique 3, technique 4, and control groups, respectively. Repeat this process for each student.
C
Number each student from 1 to 75. Reading the numbers from left to right on a random number table, identify 60 unique numbers from 1 to 75. Assign the students whose labels are the first 15 numbers to the technique 1 group. Assign the students whose labels are the second 15 numbers to the technique 2 group. Repeat this process two more times to assign the technique 3 and technique 4 groups. Finally, assign the remaining students to the control group.
D
Number each student from 00 to 74. Reading the numbers from left to right on a table of random numbers and looking at two digits at a time, identify 60 unique two-digit numbers from 00 to 74. Assign the students whose labels are the first 15 numbers to the technique 1 group. Assign the students whose labels are the second 15 numbers to the technique 2 group. Repeat this process two more times to assign the technique 3 and technique 4 groups. Finally, assign the remaining students to the control group.
8

Aeronautical researchers have developed three different processes to pack a parachute. They want to compare the different processes in terms of time to deploy and reliability. There are 5,100 objects that they can drop with a parachute from a plane. Using a table of random digits, the researchers will randomly place the items, labeled 0001–5100, into three equally sized treatment groups suitable for comparison. Carry out the random assignment using the given selection from a table of random digits, starting with the first row and first column.

Question illustration
A
2719, 2825, 3031, 2628, 3562
B
6011, 8572, 2719, 5769, 2825
C
2719, 2825, 3031, 2628, 2719
D
601, 18, 57, 227, 1957
9

A researcher is comparing three new formulas for grass killer. To conduct the experiment, the researcher purchases 30 pieces of sod from a local vendor and selects the treatment groups by placing slips of paper numbered 1–30 in a hat. To make three groups for the three formulas, the researcher randomly selects 10 numbers, making sure to mix the slips between each selection, to get the formula 1 group. Then the researcher selects 10 more numbers to get the formula 2 group. The remaining 10 numbers make up the formula 3 group.

A
The researcher did not randomly pick the vendor.
B
The researcher did not randomly pick the 30 pieces of sod.
C
The researcher did not assign a treatment to each group of sod.
D
The researcher did not label the pieces of sod before randomly selecting them.
10

Aeronautical researchers have developed three different processes to pack a parachute. They want to compare the different processes in terms of time to deploy and reliability. There are 1,200 objects that they can drop with a parachute from a plane. Using a table of random digits, the researchers will randomly place the 1,200 items into three equally sized treatment groups suitable for comparison.

A
1–3
B
1–1200
C
0000–1200
D
0000–1199

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