Hypotheses, Theories, and Laws Answers

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A student proposes this hypothesis in class: "If I make the angle of a ramp steeper, then a ball rolling down the ramp will be going faster when it hits the ground.”

A
an explanation based on prior scientific knowledge or observations
B
an explanation of how the hypothesis will inspire new questions
C
an independent variable that the student controls during the experiment
D
an independent variable that is affected by the other experimental variable
2
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How did Louis Pasteur’s experiments lead to new scientific understandings of germs?

A
Experiments with cooking food showed that disease-carrying germs in food could be killed when heated.
B
Experiments with different magnification lenses showed that germs were real and could be observed.
C
Experiments with animals showed that dominant genes could lead to risks of disease.
D
Experiments with shallow dishes showed that groups of germs could be grown so they could be seen without microscopes.
3

Darwin developed the theory of evolution to explain why there are so many different kinds of living things. He could easily observe that offspring of any animals were slightly different from their parents and that this could allow for big changes over thousands of years. He did not know that genes caused the differences. Genes are now very important in the modern theory of evolution.

A
new experiments involving genes and evolution
B
experiments with Darwin’s original hypotheses
C
changes that Mendel made to his laws of genes
D
studies of evolution without Mendel’s laws
4

Which is the best description of a scientific theory?

A
a statement about how two different variables are related
B
a collection of laws that are explained the same way
C
an explanation of many observations and tested hypotheses
D
an accepted fact that has always been observed to be true
5

Albert Einstein changed the way we think about gravity by using the results of many new experiments to explain that giant objects like Earth bend the space around them. According to Einstein, this bending of space makes smaller objects move toward larger objects.

A
It is a theory because it is a statement of fact that does not include an explanation.
B
It is a theory because it was developed with many new experiments, and it explained the observations.
C
It is a law because it is a statement of fact that does not include an explanation.
D
It is a law because it was developed with many new experiments, and it explained the observations.
6

Albert Einstein first hypothesized that a large object, such as a planet, bends the space around it. This hypothesis became part of the theory of relativity, which is about how objects affect the space and time around them.

A
other scientists asking the same question
B
other questions about mass and space
C
experimental evidence that mass is not related to space
D
experimental evidence supporting the hypothesis
7

What was most likely a question that inspired Leeuwenhoek, Koch, and Petri as they developed new technologies while exploring germ theory?

A
How can broken bones be healed more quickly?
B
How can scientists see germs more clearly and easily?
C
What makes some foods more dangerous?
D
What is the one medicine that can heal all diseases?
8

Which statement is most likely a scientific law?

A
Animals need oxygen because it unlocks the energy contained in food.
B
Colonies of microscopic organisms grow faster in closed spaces because they cannot fly away.
C
The oldest layers of rock lie below newer layers of rock on Earth.
D
Healthy foods taste better than dangerous or spoiled foods.
9

What would most likely occur over time if new technologies gave us information that challenged what scientists currently understand about natural selection?

A
A new scientific law would be established and proven by the findings.
B
A new scientific theory would be established and proven by the findings.
C
A current scientific law would be revised based on the new findings.
D
A current scientific theory would be revised based on the new findings.
10

Imagine that a team of scientists test a certain hypothesis, and the experimental results show that it is false. How will this information most likely be helpful in the future?

A
The hypothesis and experiment will not be discussed again.
B
The hypothesis will be used to support a different theory.
C
The results will be on record and can inspire a new hypothesis.
D
The results will show which other hypotheses must be true.

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