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Hypotheses, Theories, and Laws Answers

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How should you test a hypothesis?

A
by writing a mathematical equation
B
by making a single observation
C
by performing a controlled experiment
D
by answering a series of questions
2
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Conlan wants to answer the question, “Does phosphorus affect tomato fruit production?” Which statement represents a hypothesis that he can test to answer his question?

A
If phosphorus affects tomato fruit production, then tomatoes that are fertilized with phosphorus will have larger leaves.
B
If phosphorus affects tomato fruit production, then phosphorus should be added to the soil during planting.
C
If phosphorus affects tomato fruit production, then adding phosphorus to the soil will make tomatoes taste better.
D
If phosphorus affects tomato fruit production, then plants that are fertilized with phosphorus will produce more tomatoes.
3

The statement “force equals mass times acceleration (F=ma)” is Newton’s second law of motion. Why is this a law rather than a theory?

A
It states, rather than explains, the relationship between the variables.
B
It cannot be proven, whereas a theory can be proven.
C
It may be revised if new information shows that the relationship has changed.
D
It was classified as a law because it is related to other similar discoveries.
4

How does a law differ from a theory?

A
A law is a theory that has been proven to be true and universal.
B
A theory is a group of hypotheses that prove a law is true.
C
A law is a statement of fact, but a theory is an explanation.
D
A theory is a proposed law that has not yet been peer reviewed.
5

Gregor Mendel demonstrated that traits are passed from parents to offspring independently of one another under all circumstances that he tested. All other genetics researchers have observed this as well. Based on this information, the statement can be made that “traits are passed from parents to offspring independently of one another.” Which describes the statement of fact?

A
a law
B
a hypothesis
C
a theory
D
an observation
6

Which is the correct order in the scientific process?

A
ask a question ® form a hypothesis ® make an observation
B
ask a question ® make an observation ® form a hypothesis
C
make an observation ® form a hypothesis ® ask a question
D
make an observation ® ask a question ® form a hypothesis
7

In which situation would new technology be most likely to cause a change in an existing theory about new structures in a cell?

A
The new technology makes it possible to detect and analyze a structure more rapidly.
B
The new technology allows scientists to confirm the presence of an existing structure in a cell.
C
The new technology makes it possible to produce additional structures that were not previously there.
D
The new technology allows detection of a structure that could not be detected previously.
8

In the early days of germ theory, contagious diseases were thought to be caused only by fungi or bacteria. In the 1890s, Dmitri Ivanovski filtered extracts from diseased tobacco plants and discovered that the disease could be transmitted to new plants through the filtrate. He hypothesized that something smaller than bacteria or fungi was responsible for the transmission of the disease. Which best explains how Ivanovski’s work led to a change in the germ theory?

A
He tried to promote his hypothesis as a law.
B
He used a new experimental method to test his hypothesis.
C
He used a more powerful bacterial strain than other scientists had.
D
He obtained results that confirmed what other scientists were thinking.
9

Which occurs directly before forming a hypothesis?

A
proposing a law
B
drawing a conclusion
C
developing a testable question
D
analyzing experimental data
10

What do hypotheses, theories, and laws have in common?

A
data
B
predictions
C
explanations
D
observations

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