Scope of Inference

Question 1

You and your brother always flip a special golden dollar coin to decide who gets to select the music when the two of you are in the car. The coin has come up heads (in your brother’s favor) on 8 of the last 10 flips. Do 10 flips provide convincing evidence that your brother is using an unfair coin to gain an advantage?

Revolt · Accepted Answer

D: No, 10 trials (flips) is not enough evidence to determine if the coin is fair. We would need many, many more flips to determine the true proportion of heads for this coin.

Question 2

What can we conclude from this graph?

Revolt · Accepted Answer

A: This coin appears to be fair because it appears that the proportion of heads is approximately 0.5.

Question 3

Which statement gives the correct interpretation of this probability?

Revolt · Accepted Answer

C: If we take a very large sample of Anne’s return flights, we expect about 35% of these flights to be delayed.

Question 4

A child is drawing cards from a standard deck of cards, one at a time, observing the color, replacing the card, and shuffling. He observes that 7 consecutive outcomes with a black card have occurred and thinks the next one will be red because "red is due to occur.”Is the child’s reasoning correct?

Revolt · Accepted Answer

D: No, red and black outcomes are equally likely, so the probability of drawing a black card is the same regardless of the outcomes of the prior draws.

Question 5

Which of the following outcomes of 2 dice rolls would result in a player winning a water bottle? Check all that apply.

Revolt · Accepted Answer

A: 1, 1; C: 3, 3; F: 6, 6

Question 6

Roll the dice 10 times:

Revolt · Accepted Answer

A: even = make; odd = miss

Question 7

Repeat:

Revolt · Accepted Answer

C: 100 times

Question 8

The star basketball player at your high school claims to make 50% of his three-point shots. Recently, he missed 7 of his first 10 three-point shots. Is this surprising for this player? Assume that the player is, in fact, able to make 50% of his three-point shots. We need to carry out a simulation to estimate the probability that he would miss 7 or more of his first 10 three-point shots. Here are the results of 100 simulated trials. Which of the following answers the question of interest?

Revolt · Accepted Answer

B: Based on the 100 simulated trials, there is about an 18% chance of the player missing 7 of his first 10 three-point shots. This probability is not unusually low, so it is not unlikely.

Question 9

Using a random number table, let digits represent left-handed individuals and let digits represent right-handed individuals.

Revolt · Accepted Answer

A: 0

Question 10

Using a random number table, let digits represent left-handed individuals and let digits represent right-handed individuals.

Revolt · Accepted Answer

B: 1–9

Scope of Inference Answers

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