Periodic Trends Answers

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1
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Recall the postulates of kinetic-molecular theory. Read the list and check all the statements that apply to the behavior of an ideal gas:

A
gas particles behave like hard spheres
B
gas particles travel randomly
C
gas particles are attracted to each other
D
energy is lost when gas particles collide
E
average kinetic energy of a collection of gas particles depends on the temperature
F
gas particles occupy most of the space within a container
G
gas particles have mass and volume
2
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Which of these changes most likely results in an increase in the volume of a gas?

A
decreasing the pressure on the gas
B
cooling the gas
C
removing some of the gas from the sample
5

Which scenarios contradict ideal gas characteristics, representing deviations from kinetic-molecular principles or exceptions to ideal gas behavior? Select 3 options.

A
a gas at very high temperatures, when gas particles are moving very quickly
B
a gas at very low volumes, when gas particles are very close together
C
a gas at very low temperatures, when gas particles have very little kinetic energy
D
a gas at very low pressures, when gas particles are very far apart
E
a gas with highly polar molecules that have very strong intermolecular forces
6

The diagrams to the right show the distribution and arrangement of gas particles in two different containers. According to kinetic-molecular theory, which of the following statements is true? Check all that apply.

A
If the temperatures of both containers are equal, container A has greater pressure than container B.
B
If the volume of container A decreased, its pressure would decrease.
C
If the pressure in both containers is equal, container A has a lower temperature than container B.
7

A sample of gas is enclosed in a container of fixed volume. Identify which of the following statements are true. Check all that apply.

A
If the container is heated, the gas particles will lose kinetic energy and temperature will increase.
B
If the container is cooled, the gas particles will lose kinetic energy and temperature will decrease.
C
If the gas particles move more quickly, they will collide more frequently with the walls of the container and pressure will increase.
D
If the gas particles move more quickly, they will lose energy more rapidly and collide with the walls of the container less often, and pressure will decrease.
E
If the gas particles move more quickly, they will collide with the walls of the container more often and with more force, and pressure will increase.
9

Identify the examples of diffusion in the list below. Check all that apply.

A
A teacher takes the cap off a permanent marker. A few minutes later, students at the back of the classroom complain about the odor of the marker.
B
A cooking school student burns a piece of toast. Soon, the entire kitchen smells like burnt toast.
C
An inflated balloon shrinks when it is placed in a cold freezer.
D
Toxic fumes produced by a chemical factory are detected in the air in a town several miles away.
E
Heating a flexible container filled with gas causes it to expand.

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