Rutherford’s theory was identified by

Rutherford’s atomic model came from the gold foil experiment. He directed a beam of alpha particles at thin gold foil and observed how the particles scattered; most passed through, while a small number were deflected sharply. These results supported the idea that atoms contain a small, dense nucleus, so the correct choice is “using a beam of particles and detecting the scattering of the particles after they hit gold foil.”

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