AnswersGA-GSE Biology ADNA Mutations

Introduction to Genetics Answers

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1
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Which best matches a type of genetic material with its description?

A
Nucleotides form a helical structure that is called a gene.
B
Genes combine to form structures called nucleotides.
C
Chromosomes create genes.
D
DNA is located in the nucleus.
2
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What was Friedrich Miescher's contribution to the discovery of the genetic code?

A
He created the first photograph of the structure of DNA.
B
He discovered how the DNA bases pair together.
C
He created the first accurate model of DNA's structure.
D
He extracted and observed DNA from white blood cells.
3

Which is a frameshift mutation?

A
substitution
B
nonsense
C
silent
D
deletion
4

Which is an example of how stem cells are currently being used?

A
for generating healthy cells to form replacement organs like brains
B
for directing differentiation to treat diabetes and arthritis
C
for testing for possible side effects of a new cancer medication
D
for curing heart disease by regenerating damaged heart tissue
5

What role do nerve cells play in the human body?

A
They allow the body to react to stimuli.
B
They regulate the exchange of chemicals.
C
They carry oxygen throughout the body.
D
They help the organs move.
6

James is working with the lac operon of Escherichia coli (E. coli). He places the bacteria on a plate of growth media. Based on the current understanding of this operon, which hypothesis would be useful for James to test?

Question illustration
A
Addition of allolactose (inducer) to the bacterial growth media should increase the speed at which the bacteria metabolize the sugar lactose.
B
Removal of the RNA polymerase molecule should increase the amount of bacterial growth on the plate.
C
Decreasing the amount of allolactose (inducer) in the bacterial growth media should increase the rate of bacterial growth.
D
Increasing the rate at which RNA polymerase acts will inhibit bacterial growth.
7

Meiosis occurs in a series of different phases and creates genetically unique reproductive cells. Which process helps make meiotic cells genetically different and occurs during prophase I, but not during prophase II?

A
fertilization
B
independent assortment
C
crossing over
D
chromosome replication
8

A forensic scientist is trying to find out the number of adenine bases in the DNA sample that he obtained from a crime scene.What can he assume about the number of adenine?

A
The number of adenine bases will be equal to the number of guanine bases.
B
The number of adenine bases will be equal to the total of all the other bases.
C
The number of adenine bases will be equal to the number of thymine bases.
D
The number of adenine bases will be half of the number of cytosine bases.
9

What must occur for protein translation to begin?

A
A water molecule must be added to the protein chain.
B
A peptide bond must form between subunits of mRNA.
C
The amino acid Cys must be picked up by tRNA.
D
The codon AUG must be identified.
10

What can a person do to limit exposure to X-rays?

A
wear sunblock
B
avoid cigarette smoke
C
wear a protective lead vest
D
avoid chemicals
11

The illustration below shows the steps of meiosis I. What is the step that is labeled D?

Question illustration
A
metaphase I
B
metaphase II
C
telophase II
D
telophase I
12

Which represents a strand of RNA bases?

A
CAAGGTCTC
B
AGGTTCACA
C
CAAGGUCUC
D
TGGAACTCA
13

How does interphase prepare cells for mitosis?

A
rest prior to cell division
B
growth of cell and replication of DNA
C
dissolution of nucleus and cell membrane
D
division of cytoplasm
14

How has the study of mitosis affected scientists’ knowledge of cancer?

A
It led to a study of how to induce cancer cells to divide more rapidly.
B
It led to an understanding of how cancer cells divide so rapidly.
C
It led to the development of contact-inhibition regulators.
D
It led to the discovery of how to prevent cancer cells from dividing.
15

Which type of cells are the least limited in differentiation?

A
adult stem cells
B
embryonic stem cells
C
amniotic fluid stem cells
D
somatic stem cells
16

Which is an arrangement of genes consisting of an operator, a promoter, and a repressor?

A
RNA polymerase
B
anticodon
C
codon
D
operon
17

How many genes make up the human genome?

A
four: adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine
B
23 pairs of genes
C
20,000–25,000 genes
D
3 billion genes
18

Which of the following correctly organizes these genetic terms in order from smallest to largest?

A
chromosome, gene, nucleotide, DNA molecule
B
nucleotide, gene, DNA molecule, chromosome
C
DNA molecule, nucleotide, gene, chromosome
D
DNA molecule, nucleotide, chromosome, gene
19

Which best summarizes the process of protein synthesis?

A
RNA instructs DNA to make proteins.
B
DNA unzips, resulting in the formation of two protein molecules.
C
RNA moves the DNA code to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.
D
DNA makes proteins in the nucleus.
20

Which of these is the primary site of protein synthesis?

A
mitochondria
B
cytoplasm
C
nucleus
D
ribosomes

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