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Introduction to Sampling Methods Answers

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Researchers would like to assess the overall health of white pine trees in a state park. Which of the following methods for choosing the trees to assess would be considered a convenience sample?

A
A ranger hires employees to assess every tree in the park.
B
The 100 trees closest to a ranger station are assessed for damage.
C
A grid map of the park is used, and 100 random points on the grid are chosen and used to select the trees to assess.
D
Each tree in the state park is tagged with a number, and 100 random numbers that represent the trees are selected and assessed for damage.
2
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An economist would like to estimate the proportion of young adults who have college debt. An online survey invites young adults to share information about their level of college debt. Which of the following describes the survey design and potential bias?

A
This is voluntary response and is likely to overestimate the proportion of young adults with college debt.
B
This is voluntary response and is likely representative of the proportion of young adults with college debt.
C
This is voluntary response and is likely to underestimate the proportion of young adults with college debt.
D
This is a convenience sample and is likely to overestimate the proportion of young adults with college debt.
3

What proportion of city residents uses public transportation at least once a week? City planners would like to estimate this proportion and collect information from workers entering a large office building in the center of the city. Which of the following best describes the potential results of this survey?

A
This is a convenience sample and is likely to overestimate the proportion of residents who take public transportation.
B
This is a convenience sample and is likely to underestimate the proportion of residents who take public transportation.
C
This is a voluntary response sample and is likely to overestimate the proportion of satisfied residents who take public transportation.
D
This is a voluntary response sample and is likely to underestimate the proportion of satisfied residents who take public transportation.
4

How far do US workers travel to get to their jobs? To estimate the average distance workers travel, a website includes a survey where adults can share their daily commute distance. What are the population and sample in this setting?

A
The population is all US workers. The sample is adults who respond to the survey.
B
The population is all visitors to the website. The sample is adults who respond to the survey.
C
The population is all US workers. The sample is the mean distance of adults who respond to the survey.
D
The population is all adults who respond to the survey. The sample is the average commute distance of adults who respond.
5

A statistics student considered many methods for collecting data from adults to estimate support for lowering the voting age to 16 years old. Which of the following methods would be least likely to include sampling bias?

A
a random sample of 500 adults in the state
B
a random sample of 200 students at a large high school
C
a survey of people leaving the local mall on the weekend
D
an online survey where adults are invited to share their opinions

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