Answers FPS Conceptual Science B - CRAtomic Numbers and Electron Configurations

Ionic Bonding Answers

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Which element has 32 protons in its nucleus?

phosphorus

cobalt

germanium

sulfur

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Which best explains why ionization energy tends to decrease from the top to the bottom of a group?

The number of orbitals decreases.

The number of neutrons decreases.

Electrons get closer to the nucleus.

Electrons get farther from the nucleus.

Which set of numbers gives the correct possible values of l for n = 2?

0, 1

0, 1, 2

0, 1, 2, 3

Air is made up of different gases, such as oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide. Which statement best describes these three components of air?

Oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide are all classified as pure substances.

Oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide cannot react with another substance.

Oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide are chemically bonded to one another.

Oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide can be classified as elements.

A single atom of an element has 11 protons, 11 electrons, and 12 neutrons. Which element is it?

What is the atomic number of zirconium?

Which element is classified as an alkali metal?

Which characteristic is given by the angular momentum quantum number?

orbital size

orbital mass

orbital shape

orbital orientation

Which substance is a mixture?

table salt

gasoline

aluminum

carbon dioxide

How many valence electrons does aluminum (Al) have available for bonding?

When electrons are removed from the outermost shell of a calcium atom, the atom becomes

an anion that has a larger radius than the atom.

an anion that has a smaller radius than the atom.

a cation that has a larger radius than the atom.

a cation that has a smaller radius than the atom.

In which orbitals would the valence electrons for selenium (Se) be placed?

s orbital and f orbital

s orbital only

s orbital and p orbital

d orbital only

Hydrogen has three isotopes 1H, 2H, and 3H. What is the difference between these three isotopes?

The number of protons ranges from 1 to 3.

The number of electrons ranges from 1 to 3.

The number of neutrons ranges from 0 to 2.

The number of protons ranges from 0 to 2.

Which of the following symbols would be included in the noble gas notation for an element that had valence electrons in the 5s subshell?

Which statement best describes how electrons fill orbitals in the periodic table?

Electrons fill orbitals in order of their increasing energy from left to right.

Electrons fill orbitals in order of their increasing energy from right to left.

Elements fill orbitals in order of increasing energy from top to bottom in each group.

Elements fill orbitals in order of increasing energy from bottom to top in each group.

The diagram below shows some subatomic particles.Which of these statements best identifies the particle that is labeled with an X?

It is either a nucleus or a proton.

It is either a proton or a neutron.

It is either a neutron or an electron.

It is either an electron or a nucleus.

Which pure substance can be classified as an element?

NO3

NaCl

H2SO4

Which element is the most reactive?

sodium

nickel

carbon

oxygen

Which element has the largest atomic radius?

Which physical method can be used for obtaining a sample of salt from a small beaker of salt water?

boiling

freezing

chromatography

sorting

Among the elements of the main group, the general trend in the first ionization energy moving across a period is not followed between group 2 and group 13. Which best explains these exceptions?

The ionization energy decreases because the full s orbital shields the electron entering the p orbital.

The ionization energy increases because the full s orbital shields the electron entering the p orbital.

The ionization energy decreases because the stability of the half-full p subshell is increased.

The ionization energy increases because the stability of the half-full p subshell is increased.

The elements of which group are nonreactive?

halogens

alkaline earth metals

noble gases

alkali metals

Which is a correct set of values of m for one of the subshells of n = 2?

–1, 0, 1

–1, –2, 0, 1, 2

–1, –2, –3, 0, 1, 2, 3

–1, –2, –3, –4, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4

To show the electron configuration for an atom, when would it be better to use an orbital notation than to use a written configuration with numbers, letters, and superscripts?

when the aim is to use less space

when the aim is to show electron spins

when the aim is to show orbital shapes in subshells

when the aim is to show electron distributions in shells

An atom contains one proton, one electron, and one neutron. Which two particles are most similar in mass?

the neutron and the electron

the proton and the electron

the proton and the neutron

the neutron and the atom

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