In the last sentence, Eban states that Israel is the "sanctuary of a people which had seen six million of its sons exterminated by a more powerful dictator two decades before.” To which event is he referring?

The reference to six million people being killed by a dictator points to the Holocaust, when Nazi Germany murdered six million Jews during World War II. Israel was established as a refuge and homeland for the Jewish people after the Holocaust, so the correct choice is the Holocaust.

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