AnswersSLPS-2001340-Environmental-Science A -GFLab: Measurement

Lab: Natural Selection Answers

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1
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In this lab, the three flocks of birds changed in numbers between generation 1 and generation 3. Why? Check all reasons.

A
The amount of food available increased and decreased.
B
If a flock’s beak type made it easier to pick up the available food, the flock grew.
C
If a flock’s beak type made it harder to pick up the available food, the flock shrunk.
2
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How does nature “select” phenotypes, such as bird beaks? Check all correct explanations.

A
Organisms can choose the genes that will make them most successful.
B
The environment influences which alleles an organism can pass on to its offspring.
C
Traits that suit the environment enable an organism to reproduce in greater numbers.
D
Traits that do not suit an environment make it harder for an organism to stay alive and reproduce.
3

The data of this lab ✔ supporteddid not supportwas inconclusive for the hypothesis because there was a difference in bird

Answers:
the hypothesis because there was a difference in bird:supported
Selection 2:when fruit was removed.
4

Which possible outcome below would not have supported the hypothesis?

A
if generation 3 had 33% of all three birds
B
if each bird ate only one type of food and not the other two
C
if generation 3 had flock distributions similar to those shown in the graph below
5

Darwin studied actual birds on the Galapagos Islands instead of using a simulation, as you did in this lab. Studying natural selection in the field can be challenging. List at least three possible challenges Darwin might have faced.

Answer:

Traits other than beak type might affect natural selection; it could take many generations to observe adaptations in a population; the environment may be complex and hard to study; changes in the environment may occur faster or slower than changes to the birds; the birds may be interdependent with other organisms that may change, too.

6

Below is a list of possible challenges. Check all errors that you mentioned in your answer.

A
Traits other than beak type might affect natural selection.
B
It could take many generations to observe adaptions to a population.
C
The environment may be complex and hard to study.
D
Changes in the environment may occur faster or slower than changes to the birds
E
The birds may be interdependent with other organisms that may change, too.
7

Galapogos tortoises have a number of shell variations, shown right. What are the advantages of choosing a system examining the beaks of finches instead of the shells of tortoises? Check all that apply.

A
Birds have shorter lifespans, making generations shorter.
B
The bird population is likely much greater, allowing for more data.
C
Tortoises move too slowly for natural selection to influence shell phenotype.
D
Birds are easier to track and monitor.
8

An organism has two different possible traits, A and B. A graph of the population is shown right. Which of the following statements is true about Trait B? Check all that apply.

A
It decreased in frequency over time.
B
It became extinct.
C
It is carried on a recessive allele.
9

There was a change in the environment between generations 10 and 30. The change likely caused a genetic mutation eliminated a recessive trait✔ favored trait Afavored trait B.

A
caused a genetic mutation
B
eliminated a recessive trait
C
✔ favored trait A
D
favored trait B
10

3 pie charts are shown. The first is labeled Generation 1 and has about 33 percent Beak X, 33 percent Beak Y, and 33 percent Beak Z. The second labeled Generation 5 has about 33 percent Beak Y and 66 percent Beak Z. The third labeled Generation 10 has 60 percent Beak Z, 30 percent Beak Y, and 10 percent Beak X. The graphs above show a change in distribution of beak phenotypes X, Y, and Z over 10 generations. Notice that Beak X completely disappears from the population by Generation 5, but reappears by Generation 10. Could this occur in nature? How?

Question illustration
A
Yes, the alleles for Beak X could remain in the population as a recessive gene.
B
Yes, the birds could mutate their beaks in response to a change in the environment.
C
Yes, genetic mutation is so frequent that Beak X will likely reappear randomly by Generation 10.
D
No, once birds with Beak X are extinct, they cannot appear again.
11

Compare and contrast genetic engineering to the process of natural selection. Select all statements that are true.

A
By selecting the genetic information that is passed on to future generations, genetic engineering is similar to natural selection.
B
Unlike natural selection, genetic engineering selects the organisms most beneficial to the environment.
C
By selecting the genetic information that is passed on to future generations, genetic engineering can happen at a different rate than natural selection.
D
Like natural selection, genetic engineering may be used on all organisms, including humans.
E
The effects of genetic engineering apply only to the organism selected, but natural selection affects the entire population.
12

Researchers can genetically select lettuce crops to cultivate for pest resistance. One of the concerns scientists have about genetically selected crops is that some traits for pest resistance may affect the texture of lettuce.What question could be asked to begin this investigation by looking at a measurable dependent variable?

A
What is the effect of crop selection for pest resistance on the distribution of leaf size in a population of plants?
B
What is the effect of crop selection for pest resistance on the toughness of lettuce leaves?
C
What is the effect of crop selection for pest resistance on the sale of green salad in grocery stores?
D
What is the effect of crop selection for pest resistance on the texture most preferred for consumption by grasshoppers?
13

beak distribution between generations 1 and 2.between generations 2 and 3.X between generations 1 and 3.✔ when fruit was removed.

A
between generations 1 and 2.
B
between generations 2 and 3.
C
X between generations 1 and 3.
D
✔ when fruit was removed.

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